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202 results (View BibTeX file of all listed publications)

2012

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A Blind Deconvolution Approach for Pseudo CT Prediction from MR Image Pairs

Hirsch, M., Hofmann, M., Mantlik, F., Pichler, B., Schölkopf, B., Habeck, M.

In 19th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) , pages: 2953 -2956, IEEE, ICIP, 2012 (inproceedings)

ei

DOI [BibTex]

2012

ei Hirsch, M., Hofmann, M., Mantlik, F., Pichler, B., Schölkopf, B., Habeck, M. A Blind Deconvolution Approach for Pseudo CT Prediction from MR Image Pairs In 19th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) , pages: 2953 -2956, IEEE, ICIP, 2012 (inproceedings)

DOI [BibTex]

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A mixed model approach for joint genetic analysis of alternatively spliced transcript isoforms using RNA-Seq data

Rakitsch, B., Lippert, C., Topa, H., Borgwardt, KM., Honkela, A., Stegle, O.

In 2012 (inproceedings) Submitted

ei

Web [BibTex]

ei Rakitsch, B., Lippert, C., Topa, H., Borgwardt, KM., Honkela, A., Stegle, O. A mixed model approach for joint genetic analysis of alternatively spliced transcript isoforms using RNA-Seq data In 2012 (inproceedings) Submitted

Web [BibTex]

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Evaluation of marginal likelihoods via the density of states

Habeck, M.

In Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS 2012) , 22, pages: 486-494, (Editors: N Lawrence and M Girolami), JMLR: W&CP 22, AISTATS, 2012 (inproceedings)

Abstract
Bayesian model comparison involves the evaluation of the marginal likelihood, the expectation of the likelihood under the prior distribution. Typically, this high-dimensional integral over all model parameters is approximated using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Thermodynamic integration is a popular method to estimate the marginal likelihood by using samples from annealed posteriors. Here we show that there exists a robust and flexible alternative. The new method estimates the density of states, which counts the number of states associated with a particular value of the likelihood. If the density of states is known, computation of the marginal likelihood reduces to a one- dimensional integral. We outline a maximum likelihood procedure to estimate the density of states from annealed posterior samples. We apply our method to various likelihoods and show that it is superior to thermodynamic integration in that it is more flexible with regard to the annealing schedule and the family of bridging distributions. Finally, we discuss the relation of our method with Skilling's nested sampling.

ei

PDF [BibTex]

ei Habeck, M. Evaluation of marginal likelihoods via the density of states In Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS 2012) , 22, pages: 486-494, (Editors: N Lawrence and M Girolami), JMLR: W&CP 22, AISTATS, 2012 (inproceedings)

PDF [BibTex]

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Distributed multisensory signals acquisition and analysis in dyadic interactions

Tawari, A., Tran, C., Doshi, A., Zander, TO.

In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Annual Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pages: 2261-2266, (Editors: JA Konstan and EH Chi and K Höök), ACM, New York, NY, USA, CHI, 2012 (inproceedings)

ei

DOI [BibTex]

ei Tawari, A., Tran, C., Doshi, A., Zander, TO. Distributed multisensory signals acquisition and analysis in dyadic interactions In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Annual Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pages: 2261-2266, (Editors: JA Konstan and EH Chi and K Höök), ACM, New York, NY, USA, CHI, 2012 (inproceedings)

DOI [BibTex]

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Measuring Cognitive Load by means of EEG-data - how detailed is the picture we can get?

Scharinger, C., Cierniak, G., Walter, C., Zander, TO., Gerjets, P.

In Meeting of the EARLI SIG 22 Neuroscience and Education, 2012 (inproceedings)

ei

[BibTex]

ei Scharinger, C., Cierniak, G., Walter, C., Zander, TO., Gerjets, P. Measuring Cognitive Load by means of EEG-data - how detailed is the picture we can get? In Meeting of the EARLI SIG 22 Neuroscience and Education, 2012 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

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Optimal kernel choice for large-scale two-sample tests

Gretton, A., Sriperumbudur, B., Sejdinovic, D., Strathmann, H., Balakrishnan, S., Pontil, M., Fukumizu, K.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 25, pages: 1214-1222, (Editors: P Bartlett and FCN Pereira and CJC. Burges and L Bottou and KQ Weinberger), Curran Associates Inc., 26th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), 2012 (inproceedings)

ei

PDF [BibTex]

ei Gretton, A., Sriperumbudur, B., Sejdinovic, D., Strathmann, H., Balakrishnan, S., Pontil, M., Fukumizu, K. Optimal kernel choice for large-scale two-sample tests In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 25, pages: 1214-1222, (Editors: P Bartlett and FCN Pereira and CJC. Burges and L Bottou and KQ Weinberger), Curran Associates Inc., 26th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), 2012 (inproceedings)

PDF [BibTex]

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Measurement and calibration of noise bias in weak lensing galaxy shape estimation

Kacprzak, T., Zuntz, J., Rowe, B., Bridle, S., Refregier, A., Amara, A., Voigt, L., Hirsch, M.

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 427(4):2711-2722, Oxford University Press, 2012 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

ei Kacprzak, T., Zuntz, J., Rowe, B., Bridle, S., Refregier, A., Amara, A., Voigt, L., Hirsch, M. Measurement and calibration of noise bias in weak lensing galaxy shape estimation Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 427(4):2711-2722, Oxford University Press, 2012 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Image analysis for cosmology: results from the GREAT10 Galaxy Challenge

Kitching, T. D., Balan, S. T., Bridle, S., Cantale, N., Courbin, F., Eifler, T., Gentile, M., Gill, M. S. S., Harmeling, S., Heymans, C., others,

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 423(4):3163-3208, Oxford University Press, 2012 (article)

ei

DOI [BibTex]

ei Kitching, T. D., Balan, S. T., Bridle, S., Cantale, N., Courbin, F., Eifler, T., Gentile, M., Gill, M. S. S., Harmeling, S., Heymans, C., others, Image analysis for cosmology: results from the GREAT10 Galaxy Challenge Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 423(4):3163-3208, Oxford University Press, 2012 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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First SN Discoveries from the Dark Energy Survey

Abbott, T., Abdalla, F., Achitouv, I., Ahn, E., Aldering, G., Allam, S., Alonso, D., Amara, A., Annis, J., Antonik, M., others,

The Astronomer's Telegram, 4668, pages: 1, 2012 (article)

ei

[BibTex]

ei Abbott, T., Abdalla, F., Achitouv, I., Ahn, E., Aldering, G., Allam, S., Alonso, D., Amara, A., Annis, J., Antonik, M., others, First SN Discoveries from the Dark Energy Survey The Astronomer's Telegram, 4668, pages: 1, 2012 (article)

[BibTex]

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A sensorimotor paradigm for Bayesian model selection

Genewein, T, Braun, DA

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6(291):1-16, October 2012 (article)

Abstract
Sensorimotor control is thought to rely on predictive internal models in order to cope efficiently with uncertain environments. Recently, it has been shown that humans not only learn different internal models for different tasks, but that they also extract common structure between tasks. This raises the question of how the motor system selects between different structures or models, when each model can be associated with a range of different task-specific parameters. Here we design a sensorimotor task that requires subjects to compensate visuomotor shifts in a three-dimensional virtual reality setup, where one of the dimensions can be mapped to a model variable and the other dimension to the parameter variable. By introducing probe trials that are neutral in the parameter dimension, we can directly test for model selection. We found that model selection procedures based on Bayesian statistics provided a better explanation for subjects’ choice behavior than simple non-probabilistic heuristics. Our experimental design lends itself to the general study of model selection in a sensorimotor context as it allows to separately query model and parameter variables from subjects.

ei

DOI [BibTex]

ei Genewein, T, Braun, DA A sensorimotor paradigm for Bayesian model selection Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6(291):1-16, October 2012 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Adaptive Coding of Actions and Observations

Ortega, PA, Braun, DA

pages: 1-4, NIPS Workshop on Information in Perception and Action, December 2012 (conference)

Abstract
The application of expected utility theory to construct adaptive agents is both computationally intractable and statistically questionable. To overcome these difficulties, agents need the ability to delay the choice of the optimal policy to a later stage when they have learned more about the environment. How should agents do this optimally? An information-theoretic answer to this question is given by the Bayesian control rule—the solution to the adaptive coding problem when there are not only observations but also actions. This paper reviews the central ideas behind the Bayesian control rule.

ei

link (url) [BibTex]

ei Ortega, PA, Braun, DA Adaptive Coding of Actions and Observations pages: 1-4, NIPS Workshop on Information in Perception and Action, December 2012 (conference)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Risk-Sensitivity in Bayesian Sensorimotor Integration

Grau-Moya, J, Ortega, PA, Braun, DA

PLoS Computational Biology, 8(9):1-7, sep 2012 (article)

Abstract
Information processing in the nervous system during sensorimotor tasks with inherent uncertainty has been shown to be consistent with Bayesian integration. Bayes optimal decision-makers are, however, risk-neutral in the sense that they weigh all possibilities based on prior expectation and sensory evidence when they choose the action with highest expected value. In contrast, risk-sensitive decision-makers are sensitive to model uncertainty and bias their decision-making processes when they do inference over unobserved variables. In particular, they allow deviations from their probabilistic model in cases where this model makes imprecise predictions. Here we test for risk-sensitivity in a sensorimotor integration task where subjects exhibit Bayesian information integration when they infer the position of a target from noisy sensory feedback. When introducing a cost associated with subjects' response, we found that subjects exhibited a characteristic bias towards low cost responses when their uncertainty was high. This result is in accordance with risk-sensitive decision-making processes that allow for deviations from Bayes optimal decision-making in the face of uncertainty. Our results suggest that both Bayesian integration and risk-sensitivity are important factors to understand sensorimotor integration in a quantitative fashion.

ei

DOI [BibTex]

ei Grau-Moya, J, Ortega, PA, Braun, DA Risk-Sensitivity in Bayesian Sensorimotor Integration PLoS Computational Biology, 8(9):1-7, sep 2012 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Free Energy and the Generalized Optimality Equations for Sequential Decision Making

Ortega, PA, Braun, DA

pages: 1-10, 10th European Workshop on Reinforcement Learning (EWRL), July 2012 (conference)

Abstract
The free energy functional has recently been proposed as a variational principle for bounded rational decision-making, since it instantiates a natural trade-off between utility gains and information processing costs that can be axiomatically derived. Here we apply the free energy principle to general decision trees that include both adversarial and stochastic environments. We derive generalized sequential optimality equations that not only include the Bellman optimality equations as a limit case, but also lead to well-known decision-rules such as Expectimax, Minimax and Expectiminimax. We show how these decision-rules can be derived from a single free energy principle that assigns a resource parameter to each node in the decision tree. These resource parameters express a concrete computational cost that can be measured as the amount of samples that are needed from the distribution that belongs to each node. The free energy principle therefore provides the normative basis for generalized optimality equations that account for both adversarial and stochastic environments.

ei

link (url) [BibTex]

ei Ortega, PA, Braun, DA Free Energy and the Generalized Optimality Equations for Sequential Decision Making pages: 1-10, 10th European Workshop on Reinforcement Learning (EWRL), July 2012 (conference)

link (url) [BibTex]

2004

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Attentional Modulation of Auditory Event-Related Potentials in a Brain-Computer Interface

Hill, J., Lal, T., Bierig, K., Birbaumer, N., Schölkopf, B.

In BioCAS04, (S3/5/INV- S3/17-20):4, IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, 2004 IEEE International Workshop on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, December 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract
Motivated by the particular problems involved in communicating with "locked-in" paralysed patients, we aim to develop a brain-computer interface that uses auditory stimuli. We describe a paradigm that allows a user to make a binary decision by focusing attention on one of two concurrent auditory stimulus sequences. Using Support Vector Machine classification and Recursive Channel Elimination on the independent components of averaged event-related potentials, we show that an untrained user‘s EEG data can be classified with an encouragingly high level of accuracy. This suggests that it is possible for users to modulate EEG signals in a single trial by the conscious direction of attention, well enough to be useful in BCI.

ei

PDF Web DOI [BibTex]

2004

ei Hill, J., Lal, T., Bierig, K., Birbaumer, N., Schölkopf, B. Attentional Modulation of Auditory Event-Related Potentials in a Brain-Computer Interface In BioCAS04, (S3/5/INV- S3/17-20):4, IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, 2004 IEEE International Workshop on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, December 2004 (inproceedings)

PDF Web DOI [BibTex]

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On the representation, learning and transfer of spatio-temporal movement characteristics

Ilg, W., Bakir, GH., Mezger, J., Giese, M.

International Journal of Humanoid Robotics, 1(4):613-636, December 2004 (article)

ei

[BibTex]

ei Ilg, W., Bakir, GH., Mezger, J., Giese, M. On the representation, learning and transfer of spatio-temporal movement characteristics International Journal of Humanoid Robotics, 1(4):613-636, December 2004 (article)

[BibTex]

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Insect-inspired estimation of egomotion

Franz, MO., Chahl, JS., Krapp, HG.

Neural Computation, 16(11):2245-2260, November 2004 (article)

Abstract
Tangential neurons in the fly brain are sensitive to the typical optic flow patterns generated during egomotion. In this study, we examine whether a simplified linear model based on the organization principles in tangential neurons can be used to estimate egomotion from the optic flow. We present a theory for the construction of an estimator consisting of a linear combination of optic flow vectors that incorporates prior knowledge both about the distance distribution of the environment, and about the noise and egomotion statistics of the sensor. The estimator is tested on a gantry carrying an omnidirectional vision sensor. The experiments show that the proposed approach leads to accurate and robust estimates of rotation rates, whereas translation estimates are of reasonable quality, albeit less reliable.

ei

PDF PostScript Web DOI [BibTex]

ei Franz, MO., Chahl, JS., Krapp, HG. Insect-inspired estimation of egomotion Neural Computation, 16(11):2245-2260, November 2004 (article)

PDF PostScript Web DOI [BibTex]

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Efficient face detection by a cascaded support-vector machine expansion

Romdhani, S., Torr, P., Schölkopf, B., Blake, A.

Proceedings of The Royal Society of London A, 460(2501):3283-3297, A, November 2004 (article)

Abstract
We describe a fast system for the detection and localization of human faces in images using a nonlinear ‘support-vector machine‘. We approximate the decision surface in terms of a reduced set of expansion vectors and propose a cascaded evaluation which has the property that the full support-vector expansion is only evaluated on the face-like parts of the image, while the largest part of typical images is classified using a single expansion vector (a simpler and more efficient classifier). As a result, only three reduced-set vectors are used, on average, to classify an image patch. Hence, the cascaded evaluation, presented in this paper, offers a thirtyfold speed-up over an evaluation using the full set of reduced-set vectors, which is itself already thirty times faster than classification using all the support vectors.

ei

PDF DOI [BibTex]

ei Romdhani, S., Torr, P., Schölkopf, B., Blake, A. Efficient face detection by a cascaded support-vector machine expansion Proceedings of The Royal Society of London A, 460(2501):3283-3297, A, November 2004 (article)

PDF DOI [BibTex]

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Modelling Spikes with Mixtures of Factor Analysers

Görür, D., Rasmussen, C., Tolias, A., Sinz, F., Logothetis, N.

In Pattern Recognition, pages: 391-398, LNCS 3175, (Editors: Rasmussen, C. E. , H.H. Bülthoff, B. Schölkopf, M.A. Giese), Springer, Berlin, Germany, 26th DAGM Symposium, September 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract
Identifying the action potentials of individual neurons from extracellular recordings, known as spike sorting, is a challenging problem. We consider the spike sorting problem using a generative model,mixtures of factor analysers, which concurrently performs clustering and feature extraction. The most important advantage of this method is that it quantifies the certainty with which the spikes are classified. This can be used as a means for evaluating the quality of clustering and therefore spike isolation. Using this method, nearly simultaneously occurring spikes can also be modelled which is a hard task for many of the spike sorting methods. Furthermore, modelling the data with a generative model allows us to generate simulated data.

ei

PDF PDF DOI [BibTex]

ei Görür, D., Rasmussen, C., Tolias, A., Sinz, F., Logothetis, N. Modelling Spikes with Mixtures of Factor Analysers In Pattern Recognition, pages: 391-398, LNCS 3175, (Editors: Rasmussen, C. E. , H.H. Bülthoff, B. Schölkopf, M.A. Giese), Springer, Berlin, Germany, 26th DAGM Symposium, September 2004 (inproceedings)

PDF PDF DOI [BibTex]

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Learning Depth From Stereo

Sinz, F., Candela, J., BakIr, G., Rasmussen, C., Franz, M.

In 26th DAGM Symposium, pages: 245-252, LNCS 3175, (Editors: Rasmussen, C. E., H. H. Bülthoff, B. Schölkopf, M. A. Giese), Springer, Berlin, Germany, 26th DAGM Symposium, September 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We compare two approaches to the problem of estimating the depth of a point in space from observing its image position in two different cameras: 1.~The classical photogrammetric approach explicitly models the two cameras and estimates their intrinsic and extrinsic parameters using a tedious calibration procedure; 2.~A generic machine learning approach where the mapping from image to spatial coordinates is directly approximated by a Gaussian Process regression. Our results show that the generic learning approach, in addition to simplifying the procedure of calibration, can lead to higher depth accuracies than classical calibration although no specific domain knowledge is used.

ei

PDF PostScript Web [BibTex]

ei Sinz, F., Candela, J., BakIr, G., Rasmussen, C., Franz, M. Learning Depth From Stereo In 26th DAGM Symposium, pages: 245-252, LNCS 3175, (Editors: Rasmussen, C. E., H. H. Bülthoff, B. Schölkopf, M. A. Giese), Springer, Berlin, Germany, 26th DAGM Symposium, September 2004 (inproceedings)

PDF PostScript Web [BibTex]

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Learning kernels from biological networks by maximizing entropy

Tsuda, K., Noble, W.

Bioinformatics, 20(Suppl. 1):i326-i333, August 2004 (article)

Abstract
Motivation: The diffusion kernel is a general method for computing pairwise distances among all nodes in a graph, based on the sum of weighted paths between each pair of nodes. This technique has been used successfully, in conjunction with kernel-based learning methods, to draw inferences from several types of biological networks. Results: We show that computing the diffusion kernel is equivalent to maximizing the von Neumann entropy, subject to a global constraint on the sum of the Euclidean distances between nodes. This global constraint allows for high variance in the pairwise distances. Accordingly, we propose an alternative, locally constrained diffusion kernel, and we demonstrate that the resulting kernel allows for more accurate support vector machine prediction of protein functional classifications from metabolic and protein–protein interaction networks.

ei

PDF Web [BibTex]

ei Tsuda, K., Noble, W. Learning kernels from biological networks by maximizing entropy Bioinformatics, 20(Suppl. 1):i326-i333, August 2004 (article)

PDF Web [BibTex]

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Learning to Find Graph Pre-Images

BakIr, G., Zien, A., Tsuda, K.

In Pattern Recognition, pages: 253-261, (Editors: Rasmussen, C. E., H. H. Bülthoff, B. Schölkopf, M. A. Giese), Springer, Berlin, Germany, 26th DAGM Symposium, August 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract
The recent development of graph kernel functions has made it possible to apply well-established machine learning methods to graphs. However, to allow for analyses that yield a graph as a result, it is necessary to solve the so-called pre-image problem: to reconstruct a graph from its feature space representation induced by the kernel. Here, we suggest a practical solution to this problem.

ei

PostScript PDF DOI [BibTex]

ei BakIr, G., Zien, A., Tsuda, K. Learning to Find Graph Pre-Images In Pattern Recognition, pages: 253-261, (Editors: Rasmussen, C. E., H. H. Bülthoff, B. Schölkopf, M. A. Giese), Springer, Berlin, Germany, 26th DAGM Symposium, August 2004 (inproceedings)

PostScript PDF DOI [BibTex]

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Masking effect produced by Mach bands on the detection of narrow bars of random polarity

Henning, GB., Hoddinott, KT., Wilson-Smith, ZJ., Hill, NJ.

Journal of the Optical Society of America, 21(8):1379-1387, A, August 2004 (article)

ei

[BibTex]

ei Henning, GB., Hoddinott, KT., Wilson-Smith, ZJ., Hill, NJ. Masking effect produced by Mach bands on the detection of narrow bars of random polarity Journal of the Optical Society of America, 21(8):1379-1387, A, August 2004 (article)

[BibTex]

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Exponential Families for Conditional Random Fields

Altun, Y., Smola, A., Hofmann, T.

In Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI 2004), pages: 2-9, (Editors: Chickering, D.M. , J.Y. Halpern), Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA, USA, 20th Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI), July 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract
In this paper we define conditional random fields in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces and show connections to Gaussian Process classification. More specifically, we prove decomposition results for undirected graphical models and we give constructions for kernels. Finally we present efficient means of solving the optimization problem using reduced rank decompositions and we show how stationarity can be exploited efficiently in the optimization process.

ei

PDF Web [BibTex]

ei Altun, Y., Smola, A., Hofmann, T. Exponential Families for Conditional Random Fields In Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI 2004), pages: 2-9, (Editors: Chickering, D.M. , J.Y. Halpern), Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA, USA, 20th Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI), July 2004 (inproceedings)

PDF Web [BibTex]

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PAC-Bayesian Generic Chaining

Audibert, J., Bousquet, O.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 1125-1132 , (Editors: Thrun, S., L.K. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract
There exist many different generalization error bounds for classification. Each of these bounds contains an improvement over the others for certain situations. Our goal is to combine these different improvements into a single bound. In particular we combine the PAC-Bayes approach introduced by McAllester, which is interesting for averaging classifiers, with the optimal union bound provided by the generic chaining technique developed by Fernique and Talagrand. This combination is quite natural since the generic chaining is based on the notion of majorizing measures, which can be considered as priors on the set of classifiers, and such priors also arise in the PAC-bayesian setting.

ei

PDF Web [BibTex]

ei Audibert, J., Bousquet, O. PAC-Bayesian Generic Chaining In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 1125-1132 , (Editors: Thrun, S., L.K. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

PDF Web [BibTex]

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Prediction on Spike Data Using Kernel Algorithms

Eichhorn, J., Tolias, A., Zien, A., Kuss, M., Rasmussen, C., Weston, J., Logothetis, N., Schölkopf, B.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 1367-1374, (Editors: S Thrun and LK Saul and B Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 17th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We report and compare the performance of different learning algorithms based on data from cortical recordings. The task is to predict the orientation of visual stimuli from the activity of a population of simultaneously recorded neurons. We compare several ways of improving the coding of the input (i.e., the spike data) as well as of the output (i.e., the orientation), and report the results obtained using different kernel algorithms.

ei

PDF Web [BibTex]

ei Eichhorn, J., Tolias, A., Zien, A., Kuss, M., Rasmussen, C., Weston, J., Logothetis, N., Schölkopf, B. Prediction on Spike Data Using Kernel Algorithms In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 1367-1374, (Editors: S Thrun and LK Saul and B Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 17th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

PDF Web [BibTex]

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Warped Gaussian Processes

Snelson, E., Rasmussen, CE., Ghahramani, Z.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 337-344, (Editors: Thrun, S., L.K. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We generalise the Gaussian process (GP) framework for regression by learning a nonlinear transformation of the GP outputs. This allows for non-Gaussian processes and non-Gaussian noise. The learning algorithm chooses a nonlinear transformation such that transformed data is well-modelled by a GP. This can be seen as including a preprocessing transformation as an integral part of the probabilistic modelling problem, rather than as an ad-hoc step. We demonstrate on several real regression problems that learning the transformation can lead to significantly better performance than using a regular GP, or a GP with a fixed transformation.

ei

PDF Web [BibTex]

ei Snelson, E., Rasmussen, CE., Ghahramani, Z. Warped Gaussian Processes In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 337-344, (Editors: Thrun, S., L.K. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

PDF Web [BibTex]

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Ranking on Data Manifolds

Zhou, D., Weston, J., Gretton, A., Bousquet, O., Schölkopf, B.

In Advances in neural information processing systems 16, pages: 169-176, (Editors: S Thrun and L Saul and B Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 17th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract
The Google search engine has enjoyed a huge success with its web page ranking algorithm, which exploits global, rather than local, hyperlink structure of the web using random walks. Here we propose a simple universal ranking algorithm for data lying in the Euclidean space, such as text or image data. The core idea of our method is to rank the data with respect to the intrinsic manifold structure collectively revealed by a great amount of data. Encouraging experimental results from synthetic, image, and text data illustrate the validity of our method.

ei

PDF Web [BibTex]

ei Zhou, D., Weston, J., Gretton, A., Bousquet, O., Schölkopf, B. Ranking on Data Manifolds In Advances in neural information processing systems 16, pages: 169-176, (Editors: S Thrun and L Saul and B Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 17th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

PDF Web [BibTex]

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Support Vector Channel Selection in BCI

Lal, T., Schröder, M., Hinterberger, T., Weston, J., Bogdan, M., Birbaumer, N., Schölkopf, B.

IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 51(6):1003-1010, June 2004 (article)

Abstract
Designing a Brain Computer Interface (BCI) system one can choose from a variety of features that may be useful for classifying brain activity during a mental task. For the special case of classifying EEG signals we propose the usage of the state of the art feature selection algorithms Recursive Feature Elimination and Zero-Norm Optimization which are based on the training of Support Vector Machines (SVM). These algorithms can provide more accurate solutions than standard filter methods for feature selection. We adapt the methods for the purpose of selecting EEG channels. For a motor imagery paradigm we show that the number of used channels can be reduced significantly without increasing the classification error. The resulting best channels agree well with the expected underlying cortical activity patterns during the mental tasks. Furthermore we show how time dependent task specific information can be visualized.

ei

DOI [BibTex]

ei Lal, T., Schröder, M., Hinterberger, T., Weston, J., Bogdan, M., Birbaumer, N., Schölkopf, B. Support Vector Channel Selection in BCI IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 51(6):1003-1010, June 2004 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Distance-Based Classification with Lipschitz Functions

von Luxburg, U., Bousquet, O.

Journal of Machine Learning Research, 5, pages: 669-695, June 2004 (article)

Abstract
The goal of this article is to develop a framework for large margin classification in metric spaces. We want to find a generalization of linear decision functions for metric spaces and define a corresponding notion of margin such that the decision function separates the training points with a large margin. It will turn out that using Lipschitz functions as decision functions, the inverse of the Lipschitz constant can be interpreted as the size of a margin. In order to construct a clean mathematical setup we isometrically embed the given metric space into a Banach space and the space of Lipschitz functions into its dual space. To analyze the resulting algorithm, we prove several representer theorems. They state that there always exist solutions of the Lipschitz classifier which can be expressed in terms of distance functions to training points. We provide generalization bounds for Lipschitz classifiers in terms of the Rademacher complexities of some Lipschitz function classes. The generality of our approach can be seen from the fact that several well-known algorithms are special cases of the Lipschitz classifier, among them the support vector machine, the linear programming machine, and the 1-nearest neighbor classifier.

ei

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ei von Luxburg, U., Bousquet, O. Distance-Based Classification with Lipschitz Functions Journal of Machine Learning Research, 5, pages: 669-695, June 2004 (article)

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Gaussian Processes in Reinforcement Learning

Rasmussen, C., Kuss, M.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 751-759, (Editors: Thrun, S., L. K. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We exploit some useful properties of Gaussian process (GP) regression models for reinforcement learning in continuous state spaces and discrete time. We demonstrate how the GP model allows evaluation of the value function in closed form. The resulting policy iteration algorithm is demonstrated on a simple problem with a two dimensional state space. Further, we speculate that the intrinsic ability of GP models to characterise distributions of functions would allow the method to capture entire distributions over future values instead of merely their expectation, which has traditionally been the focus of much of reinforcement learning.

ei

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ei Rasmussen, C., Kuss, M. Gaussian Processes in Reinforcement Learning In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 751-759, (Editors: Thrun, S., L. K. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

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Learning with Local and Global Consistency

Zhou, D., Bousquet, O., Lal, T., Weston, J., Schölkopf, B.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 321-328, (Editors: S Thrun and LK Saul and B Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 17th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We consider the general problem of learning from labeled and unlabeled data, which is often called semi-supervised learning or transductive inference. A principled approach to semi-supervised learning is to design a classifying function which is sufficiently smooth with respect to the intrinsic structure collectively revealed by known labeled and unlabeled points. We present a simple algorithm to obtain such a smooth solution. Our method yields encouraging experimental results on a number of classification problems and demonstrates effective use of unlabeled data.

ei

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ei Zhou, D., Bousquet, O., Lal, T., Weston, J., Schölkopf, B. Learning with Local and Global Consistency In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 321-328, (Editors: S Thrun and LK Saul and B Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 17th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

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Learning to Find Pre-Images

Bakir, G., Weston, J., Schölkopf, B.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 449-456, (Editors: S Thrun and LK Saul and B Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 17th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We consider the problem of reconstructing patterns from a feature map. Learning algorithms using kernels to operate in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) express their solutions in terms of input points mapped into the RKHS. We introduce a technique based on kernel principal component analysis and regression to reconstruct corresponding patterns in the input space (aka pre-images) and review its performance in several applications requiring the construction of pre-images. The introduced technique avoids difficult and/or unstable numerical optimization, is easy to implement and, unlike previous methods, permits the computation of pre-images in discrete input spaces.

ei

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ei Bakir, G., Weston, J., Schölkopf, B. Learning to Find Pre-Images In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 449-456, (Editors: S Thrun and LK Saul and B Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 17th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

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Measure Based Regularization

Bousquet, O., Chapelle, O., Hein, M.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 1221-1228, (Editors: Thrun, S., L. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We address in this paper the question of how the knowledge of the marginal distribution $P(x)$ can be incorporated in a learning algorithm. We suggest three theoretical methods for taking into account this distribution for regularization and provide links to existing graph-based semi-supervised learning algorithms. We also propose practical implementations.

ei

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ei Bousquet, O., Chapelle, O., Hein, M. Measure Based Regularization In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 1221-1228, (Editors: Thrun, S., L. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

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Insights from Machine Learning Applied to Human Visual Classification

Graf, A., Wichmann, F.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 905-912, (Editors: Thrun, S., L. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We attempt to understand visual classification in humans using both psychophysical and machine learning techniques. Frontal views of human faces were used for a gender classification task. Human subjects classified the faces and their gender judgment, reaction time and confidence rating were recorded. Several hyperplane learning algorithms were used on the same classification task using the Principal Components of the texture and flowfield representation of the faces. The classification performance of the learning algorithms was estimated using the face database with the true gender of the faces as labels, and also with the gender estimated by the subjects. We then correlated the human responses to the distance of the stimuli to the separating hyperplane of the learning algorithms. Our results suggest that human classification can be modeled by some hyperplane algorithms in the feature space we used. For classification, the brain needs more processing for stimuli close to that hyperplane than for those further away.

ei

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ei Graf, A., Wichmann, F. Insights from Machine Learning Applied to Human Visual Classification In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 905-912, (Editors: Thrun, S., L. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

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Image Construction by Linear Programming

Tsuda, K., Rätsch, G.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 57-64, (Editors: Thrun, S., L.K. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract
A common way of image denoising is to project a noisy image to the subspace of admissible images made for instance by PCA. However, a major drawback of this method is that all pixels are updated by the projection, even when only a few pixels are corrupted by noise or occlusion. We propose a new method to identify the noisy pixels by 1-norm penalization and update the identified pixels only. The identification and updating of noisy pixels are formulated as one linear program which can be solved efficiently. Especially, one can apply the ν-trick to directly specify the fraction of pixels to be reconstructed. Moreover, we extend the linear program to be able to exploit prior knowledge that occlusions often appear in contiguous blocks (e.g. sunglasses on faces). The basic idea is to penalize boundary points and interior points of the occluded area differently. We are able to show the ν-property also for this extended LP leading a method which is easy to use. Experimental results impressively demonstrate the power of our approach.

ei

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ei Tsuda, K., Rätsch, G. Image Construction by Linear Programming In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 57-64, (Editors: Thrun, S., L.K. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

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Semi-Supervised Protein Classification using Cluster Kernels

Weston, J., Leslie, C., Zhou, D., Elisseeff, A., Noble, W.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 595-602, (Editors: Thrun, S., L.K. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract
A key issue in supervised protein classification is the representation of input sequences of amino acids. Recent work using string kernels for protein data has achieved state-of-the-art classification performance. However, such representations are based only on labeled data --- examples with known 3D structures, organized into structural classes --- while in practice, unlabeled data is far more plentiful. In this work, we develop simple and scalable cluster kernel techniques for incorporating unlabeled data into the representation of protein sequences. We show that our methods greatly improve the classification performance of string kernels and outperform standard approaches for using unlabeled data, such as adding close homologs of the positive examples to the training data. We achieve equal or superior performance to previously presented cluster kernel methods while achieving far greater computational efficiency.

ei

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ei Weston, J., Leslie, C., Zhou, D., Elisseeff, A., Noble, W. Semi-Supervised Protein Classification using Cluster Kernels In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 595-602, (Editors: Thrun, S., L.K. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

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Kernel Hebbian Algorithm for single-frame super-resolution

Kim, K., Franz, M., Schölkopf, B.

In Computer Vision - ECCV 2004, LNCS vol. 3024, pages: 135-149, (Editors: A Leonardis and H Bischof), Springer, Berlin, Germany, 8th European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), May 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract
This paper presents a method for single-frame image super-resolution using an unsupervised learning technique. The required prior knowledge about the high-resolution images is obtained from Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA). The original form of KPCA, however, can be only applied to strongly restricted image classes due to the limited number of training examples that can be processed. We therefore propose a new iterative method for performing KPCA, the {em Kernel Hebbian Algorithm}. By kernelizing the Generalized Hebbian Algorithm, one can iteratively estimate the Kernel Principal Components with only linear order memory complexity. The resulting super-resolution algorithm shows a comparable performance to the existing supervised methods on images containing faces and natural scenes.

ei

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ei Kim, K., Franz, M., Schölkopf, B. Kernel Hebbian Algorithm for single-frame super-resolution In Computer Vision - ECCV 2004, LNCS vol. 3024, pages: 135-149, (Editors: A Leonardis and H Bischof), Springer, Berlin, Germany, 8th European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), May 2004 (inproceedings)

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cDNA-Microarray Technology in Cartilage Research - Functional Genomics of Osteoarthritis [in German]

Aigner, T., Finger, F., Zien, A., Bartnik, E.

Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Orthop{\"a}die und ihre Grenzgebiete, 142(2):241-247, April 2004 (article)

Abstract
Functional genomics represents a new challenging approach in order to analyze complex diseases such as osteoarthritis on a molecular level. The characterization of the molecular changes of the cartilage cells, the chondrocytes, enables a better understanding of the pathomechanisms of the disease. In particular, the identification and characterization of new target molecules for therapeutic intervention is of interest. Also, potential molecular markers for diagnosis and monitoring of osteoarthritis contribute to a more appropriate patient management. The DNA-microarray technology complements (but does not replace) biochemical and biological research in new disease-relevant genes. Large-scale functional genomics will identify molecular networks such as yet identified players in the anabolic-catabolic balance of articular cartilage as well as disease-relevant intracellular signaling cascades so far rather unknown in articular chondrocytes. However, at the moment it is also important to recognize the limitations of the microarray technology in order to avoid over-interpretation of the results. This might lead to misleading results and prevent to a significant extent a proper use of the potential of this technology in the field of osteoarthritis.

ei

[BibTex]

ei Aigner, T., Finger, F., Zien, A., Bartnik, E. cDNA-Microarray Technology in Cartilage Research - Functional Genomics of Osteoarthritis [in German] Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Orthop{\"a}die und ihre Grenzgebiete, 142(2):241-247, April 2004 (article)

[BibTex]

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A Compression Approach to Support Vector Model Selection

von Luxburg, U., Bousquet, O., Schölkopf, B.

Journal of Machine Learning Research, 5, pages: 293-323, April 2004 (article)

Abstract
In this paper we investigate connections between statistical learning theory and data compression on the basis of support vector machine (SVM) model selection. Inspired by several generalization bounds we construct "compression coefficients" for SVMs which measure the amount by which the training labels can be compressed by a code built from the separating hyperplane. The main idea is to relate the coding precision to geometrical concepts such as the width of the margin or the shape of the data in the feature space. The so derived compression coefficients combine well known quantities such as the radius-margin term R^2/rho^2, the eigenvalues of the kernel matrix, and the number of support vectors. To test whether they are useful in practice we ran model selection experiments on benchmark data sets. As a result we found that compression coefficients can fairly accurately predict the parameters for which the test error is minimized.

ei

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ei von Luxburg, U., Bousquet, O., Schölkopf, B. A Compression Approach to Support Vector Model Selection Journal of Machine Learning Research, 5, pages: 293-323, April 2004 (article)

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Experimentally optimal v in support vector regression for different noise models and parameter settings

Chalimourda, A., Schölkopf, B., Smola, A.

Neural Networks, 17(1):127-141, January 2004 (article)

Abstract
In Support Vector (SV) regression, a parameter ν controls the number of Support Vectors and the number of points that come to lie outside of the so-called var epsilon-insensitive tube. For various noise models and SV parameter settings, we experimentally determine the values of ν that lead to the lowest generalization error. We find good agreement with the values that had previously been predicted by a theoretical argument based on the asymptotic efficiency of a simplified model of SV regression. As a side effect of the experiments, valuable information about the generalization behavior of the remaining SVM parameters and their dependencies is gained. The experimental findings are valid even for complex ‘real-world’ data sets. Based on our results on the role of the ν-SVM parameters, we discuss various model selection methods.

ei

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ei Chalimourda, A., Schölkopf, B., Smola, A. Experimentally optimal v in support vector regression for different noise models and parameter settings Neural Networks, 17(1):127-141, January 2004 (article)

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Protein ranking: from local to global structure in the protein similarity network

Weston, J., Elisseeff, A., Zhou, D., Leslie, C., Noble, W.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 101(17):6559-6563, 2004 (article)

Abstract
Biologists regularly search databases of DNA or protein sequences for evolutionary or functional relationships to a given query sequence. We describe a ranking algorithm that exploits the entire network structure of similarity relationships among proteins in a sequence database by performing a diffusion operation on a pre-computed, weighted network. The resulting ranking algorithm, evaluated using a human-curated database of protein structures, is efficient and provides significantly better rankings than a local network search algorithm such as PSI-BLAST.

ei

Web [BibTex]

ei Weston, J., Elisseeff, A., Zhou, D., Leslie, C., Noble, W. Protein ranking: from local to global structure in the protein similarity network Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 101(17):6559-6563, 2004 (article)

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Unifying Colloborative and Content-Based Filtering.

Basilico, J., Hofmann, T.

In ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pages: 65 , (Editors: Greiner, R. , D. Schuurmans), ACM Press, New York, USA, ICLM, 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract
Collaborative and content-based filtering are two paradigms that have been applied in the context of recommender systems and user preference prediction. This paper proposes a novel, unified approach that systematically integrates all available training information such as past user-item ratings as well as attributes of items or users to learn a prediction function. The key ingredient of our method is the design of a suitable kernel or similarity function between user-item pairs that allows simultaneous generalization across the user and item dimensions. We propose an on-line algorithm (JRank) that generalizes perceptron learning. Experimental results on the EachMovie data set show significant improvements over standard approaches.

ei

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ei Basilico, J., Hofmann, T. Unifying Colloborative and Content-Based Filtering. In ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pages: 65 , (Editors: Greiner, R. , D. Schuurmans), ACM Press, New York, USA, ICLM, 2004 (inproceedings)

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Clustering Protein Sequence and Structure Space with Infinite Gaussian Mixture Models

Dubey, A., Hwang, S., Rangel, C., Rasmussen, CE., Ghahramani, Z., Wild, DL.

In Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing 2004; Vol. 9, pages: 399-410, World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing, 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We describe a novel approach to the problem of automatically clustering protein sequences and discovering protein families, subfamilies etc., based on the thoery of infinite Gaussian mixture models. This method allows the data itself to dictate how many mixture components are required to model it, and provides a measure of the probability that two proteins belong to the same cluster. We illustrate our methods with application to three data sets: globin sequences, globin sequences with known tree-dimensional structures and G-pretein coupled receptor sequences. The consistency of the clusters indicate that that our methods is producing biologically meaningful results, which provide a very good indication of the underlying families and subfamilies. With the inclusion of secondary structure and residue solvent accessibility information, we obtain a classification of sequences of known structure which reflects and extends their SCOP classifications. A supplementary web site containing larger versions of the figures is available at http://public.kgi.edu/~wild/PSB04

ei

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ei Dubey, A., Hwang, S., Rangel, C., Rasmussen, CE., Ghahramani, Z., Wild, DL. Clustering Protein Sequence and Structure Space with Infinite Gaussian Mixture Models In Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing 2004; Vol. 9, pages: 399-410, World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing, 2004 (inproceedings)

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Efficient Approximations for Support Vector Machines in Object Detection

Kienzle, W., BakIr, G., Franz, M., Schölkopf, B.

In DAGM 2004, pages: 54-61, (Editors: CE Rasmussen and HH Bülthoff and B Schölkopf and MA Giese), Springer, Berlin, Germany, Pattern Recognition, Proceedings of the 26th DAGM Symposium, 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We present a new approximation scheme for support vector decision functions in object detection. In the present approach we are building on an existing algorithm where the set of support vectors is replaced by a smaller so-called reduced set of synthetic points. Instead of finding the reduced set via unconstrained optimization, we impose a structural constraint on the synthetic vectors such that the resulting approximation can be evaluated via separable filters. Applications that require scanning an entire image can benefit from this representation: when using separable filters, the average computational complexity for evaluating a reduced set vector on a test patch of size (h x w) drops from O(hw) to O(h+w). We show experimental results on handwritten digits and face detection.

ei

PDF [BibTex]

ei Kienzle, W., BakIr, G., Franz, M., Schölkopf, B. Efficient Approximations for Support Vector Machines in Object Detection In DAGM 2004, pages: 54-61, (Editors: CE Rasmussen and HH Bülthoff and B Schölkopf and MA Giese), Springer, Berlin, Germany, Pattern Recognition, Proceedings of the 26th DAGM Symposium, 2004 (inproceedings)

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Kernel Methods for Manifold Estimation

Schölkopf, B.

In Proceedings in Computational Statistics, pages: 441-452, (Editors: J Antoch), Physica-Verlag/Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, COMPSTAT, 2004 (inproceedings)

ei

[BibTex]

ei Schölkopf, B. Kernel Methods for Manifold Estimation In Proceedings in Computational Statistics, pages: 441-452, (Editors: J Antoch), Physica-Verlag/Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, COMPSTAT, 2004 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

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A Regularization Framework for Learningfrom Graph Data

Zhou, D., Schölkopf, B.

In ICML Workshop on Statistical Relational Learning and Its Connections to Other Fields, pages: 132-137, ICML, 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract
The data in many real-world problems can be thought of as a graph, such as the web, co-author networks, and biological networks. We propose a general regularization framework on graphs, which is applicable to the classification, ranking, and link prediction problems. We also show that the method can be explained as lazy random walks. We evaluate the method on a number of experiments.

ei

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ei Zhou, D., Schölkopf, B. A Regularization Framework for Learningfrom Graph Data In ICML Workshop on Statistical Relational Learning and Its Connections to Other Fields, pages: 132-137, ICML, 2004 (inproceedings)

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Statistical Performance of Support Vector Machines

Blanchard, G., Bousquet, O., Massart, P.

2004 (article)

ei

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Asymptotic Properties of the Fisher Kernel

Tsuda, K., Akaho, S., Kawanabe, M., Müller, K.

Neural Computation, 16(1):115-137, 2004 (article)

ei

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ei Tsuda, K., Akaho, S., Kawanabe, M., Müller, K. Asymptotic Properties of the Fisher Kernel Neural Computation, 16(1):115-137, 2004 (article)

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Some observations on the effects of slant and texture type on slant-from-texture

Rosas, P., Wichmann, F., Wagemans, J.

Vision Research, 44(13):1511-1535, 2004 (article)

Abstract
We measure the performance of five subjects in a slant-discrimination task for differently textured planes. As textures we used uniform lattices, randomly displaced lattices, circles (polka dots), Voronoi tessellations, plaids, 1/f noise, “coherent” noise and a leopard skin-like texture. Our results show: (1) Improving performance with larger slants for all textures. (2) Thus, following from (1), cases of “non-symmetrical” performance around a particular orientation. (3) For orientations sufficiently slanted, the different textures do not elicit major differences in performance, (4) while for orientations closer to the vertical plane there are marked differences between them. (5) These differences allow a rank-order of textures to be formed according to their “helpfulness”– that is, how easy the discrimination task is when a particular texture is mapped on the plane. Polka dots tend to allow the best slant discrimination performance, noise patterns the worst. Two additional experiments were conducted to test the generality of the obtained rank-order. First, the tilt of the planes was rotated to break the axis of gravity present in the original discrimination experiment. Second, the task was changed to a slant report task via probe adjustment. The results of both control experiments confirmed the texture-based rank-order previously obtained. We comment on the importance of these results for depth perception research in general, and in particular the implications our results have for studies of cue combination (sensor fusion) using texture as one of the cues involved.

ei

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ei Rosas, P., Wichmann, F., Wagemans, J. Some observations on the effects of slant and texture type on slant-from-texture Vision Research, 44(13):1511-1535, 2004 (article)

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