Publications | Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems

mms Ravikumar, G., Yashwant, G., Singh, M. R., Gupta, S. K., Bhattacharya, S., Soltan, S., Albrecht, J., Habermeier, H.-U. Interaction of ferromagnetic LCMO layers through a superconducting YBCO spacer {Physica C}, 460-462, pages: 1375-1376, 2007 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

Vortex dynamics in Permalloy disks with artificial defects: suppression of the gyrotropic mode

Kuepper, K., Bischoff, L., Akhmadaliev, C., Fassbinder, J., Stoll, H., Chou, K., Puzic, A., Fauth, K., Dolgos, D., Schütz, G., Van Waeyenberge, B., Tyliszczak, T., Neudecker, I., Woltersdorf, G., Back, C.

{Appplied Physics Letters}, 90, 2007 (article)

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mms Kuepper, K., Bischoff, L., Akhmadaliev, C., Fassbinder, J., Stoll, H., Chou, K., Puzic, A., Fauth, K., Dolgos, D., Schütz, G., Van Waeyenberge, B., Tyliszczak, T., Neudecker, I., Woltersdorf, G., Back, C. Vortex dynamics in Permalloy disks with artificial defects: suppression of the gyrotropic mode {Appplied Physics Letters}, 90, 2007 (article)

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Vacancy-interstitial annihilation in titanomagnetite by thermal annealing

Walz, F., Brabers, V. A. M., Brabers, J. H. V. J., Kronmüller, H.

{Physica Status Solidi (A)}, 204(10):3514-3525, 2007 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Walz, F., Brabers, V. A. M., Brabers, J. H. V. J., Kronmüller, H. Vacancy-interstitial annihilation in titanomagnetite by thermal annealing {Physica Status Solidi (A)}, 204(10):3514-3525, 2007 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

Theory of X-ray absorption spectroscopy in solids: mixing of the core states by the aspherical effective potential

Kostoglou, C., Komelj, M., Fähnle, M.

{Physical Review B}, 75, 2007 (article)

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mms Kostoglou, C., Komelj, M., Fähnle, M. Theory of X-ray absorption spectroscopy in solids: mixing of the core states by the aspherical effective potential {Physical Review B}, 75, 2007 (article)

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Zinc oxide microcapsules obtained via a bio-inspired approach

Lipowsky, P., Hirscher, M., Hoffmann, R. C., Bill, J., Aldinger, F.

{Nanotechnology}, 18, 2007 (article)

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mms Lipowsky, P., Hirscher, M., Hoffmann, R. C., Bill, J., Aldinger, F. Zinc oxide microcapsules obtained via a bio-inspired approach {Nanotechnology}, 18, 2007 (article)

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Grain boundary phase observed in Al-5 at.\textpercent Zn alloy by using HREM

Straumal, B. B., Mazilkin, A. A., Kogtenkova, O. A., Protasova, S. G., Baretzky, B.

{Philosophical Magazine Letters}, 87(6):423-430, 2007 (article)

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mms Straumal, B. B., Mazilkin, A. A., Kogtenkova, O. A., Protasova, S. G., Baretzky, B. Grain boundary phase observed in Al-5 at.\textpercent Zn alloy by using HREM {Philosophical Magazine Letters}, 87(6):423-430, 2007 (article)

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Transport current improvements of in situ MgB2 tapes by the addition of carbon nanotubes, silicon carbide or graphite

Kovac, P., Husek, I., Skakalova, V., Meyer, J., Dobrocka, E., Hirscher, M., Roth, S.

{Superconductor Science and Technology}, 20, pages: 105-111, 2007 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Kovac, P., Husek, I., Skakalova, V., Meyer, J., Dobrocka, E., Hirscher, M., Roth, S. Transport current improvements of in situ MgB2 tapes by the addition of carbon nanotubes, silicon carbide or graphite {Superconductor Science and Technology}, 20, pages: 105-111, 2007 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

Adhesion and anisotropic friction enhancements of angled heterogeneous micro-fiber arrays with spherical and spatula tips

Murphy, M. P., Aksak, B., Sitti, M.

Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 21(12-13):1281-1296, Taylor & Francis Group, 2007 (article)

Project Page [BibTex]

pi Murphy, M. P., Aksak, B., Sitti, M. Adhesion and anisotropic friction enhancements of angled heterogeneous micro-fiber arrays with spherical and spatula tips Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 21(12-13):1281-1296, Taylor & Francis Group, 2007 (article)

Project Page [BibTex]

Surface-tension-driven biologically inspired water strider robots: Theory and experiments

Song, Y. S., Sitti, M.

IEEE Transactions on robotics, 23(3):578-589, IEEE, 2007 (article)

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pi Song, Y. S., Sitti, M. Surface-tension-driven biologically inspired water strider robots: Theory and experiments IEEE Transactions on robotics, 23(3):578-589, IEEE, 2007 (article)

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Absorption spectroscopy and XMCD at the Verwey transition of Fe3O4

Goering, E., Lafkioti, M., Gold, S., Schütz, G.

{Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials}, 310, pages: 249-251, 2007 (article)

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mms Goering, E., Lafkioti, M., Gold, S., Schütz, G. Absorption spectroscopy and XMCD at the Verwey transition of Fe3O4 {Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials}, 310, pages: 249-251, 2007 (article)

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Overcoming the Dipolar Disorder in Dense CoFe Nanoparticle Ensembles: Superferromagnetism

Bedanta, S., Eimüller, T., Kleemann, W., Rhensius, J., Stromberg, F., Amaladass, E., Cardoso, S., Freitas, P. P.

{Physical Review Letters}, 98, 2007 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Bedanta, S., Eimüller, T., Kleemann, W., Rhensius, J., Stromberg, F., Amaladass, E., Cardoso, S., Freitas, P. P. Overcoming the Dipolar Disorder in Dense CoFe Nanoparticle Ensembles: Superferromagnetism {Physical Review Letters}, 98, 2007 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

Ultrafast nanomagnetic toggle switching of vortex cores

Hertel, R., Gliga, S., Fähnle, M., Schneider, C. M.

{Physical Review Letters}, 98, 2007 (article)

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mms Hertel, R., Gliga, S., Fähnle, M., Schneider, C. M. Ultrafast nanomagnetic toggle switching of vortex cores {Physical Review Letters}, 98, 2007 (article)

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Element-specific spin and orbital momentum dynamics of Fe/Gd multilayers

Bartelt, A. F., Comin, A., Feng, J., Nasiatka, J. R., Eimüller, T., Ludescher, B., Schütz, G., Padmore, H. A., Young, A. T., Scholl, A.

{Applied Physics Letters}, 90, 2007 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Bartelt, A. F., Comin, A., Feng, J., Nasiatka, J. R., Eimüller, T., Ludescher, B., Schütz, G., Padmore, H. A., Young, A. T., Scholl, A. Element-specific spin and orbital momentum dynamics of Fe/Gd multilayers {Applied Physics Letters}, 90, 2007 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

Slow relaxation of spin reorientation following ultrafast optical excitation

Eimüller, T., Scholl, A., Ludescher, B., Schütz, G., Thiele, J.

{Applied Physics Letters}, 91, 2007 (article)

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mms Eimüller, T., Scholl, A., Ludescher, B., Schütz, G., Thiele, J. Slow relaxation of spin reorientation following ultrafast optical excitation {Applied Physics Letters}, 91, 2007 (article)

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One-pot synthesis of core-shell FeRh nanoparticles

Ciuculescu, D., Amiens, C., Respaud, M., Falqui, A., Lecante, P., Benfield, R. E., Jiang, L., Fauth, K., Chaudret, B.

{Chemistry of Materials}, 19(19):4624-4626, 2007 (article)

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mms Ciuculescu, D., Amiens, C., Respaud, M., Falqui, A., Lecante, P., Benfield, R. E., Jiang, L., Fauth, K., Chaudret, B. One-pot synthesis of core-shell FeRh nanoparticles {Chemistry of Materials}, 19(19):4624-4626, 2007 (article)

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Spin-polarized quasiparticles injection effects in the normal state of YBCO thin films

Soltan, S., Albrecht, J., Habermeier, H.-U.

{Physica C}, 460-462, pages: 1088-1089, 2007 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Soltan, S., Albrecht, J., Habermeier, H.-U. Spin-polarized quasiparticles injection effects in the normal state of YBCO thin films {Physica C}, 460-462, pages: 1088-1089, 2007 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

Direct observation of the vortex core magnetization and its dynamics

Chou, K. W., Puzic, A., Stoll, H., Dolgos, D., Schütz, G., Van Waeyenberge, B., Vansteenkiste, A., Tyliszczak, T., Woltersdorf, G., Back, C. H.

{Applied Physics Letters}, 90, 2007 (article)

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mms Chou, K. W., Puzic, A., Stoll, H., Dolgos, D., Schütz, G., Van Waeyenberge, B., Vansteenkiste, A., Tyliszczak, T., Woltersdorf, G., Back, C. H. Direct observation of the vortex core magnetization and its dynamics {Applied Physics Letters}, 90, 2007 (article)

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Superparamagnetism in small Fe clusters on Cu(111)

Ballentine, G., He\ssler, M., Kinza, M., Fauth, K.

{The European Physical Journal D}, 45, pages: 535-537, 2007 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Ballentine, G., He\ssler, M., Kinza, M., Fauth, K. Superparamagnetism in small Fe clusters on Cu(111) {The European Physical Journal D}, 45, pages: 535-537, 2007 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

2002

Optimized Support Vector Machines for Nonstationary Signal Classification

Davy, M., Gretton, A., Doucet, A., Rayner, P.

IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 9(12):442-445, December 2002 (article)

Abstract

This letter describes an efficient method to perform nonstationary signal classification. A support vector machine (SVM) algorithm is introduced and its parameters optimised in a principled way. Simulations demonstrate that our low complexity method outperforms state-of-the-art nonstationary signal classification techniques.

PostScript Web DOI [BibTex]

2002

ei Davy, M., Gretton, A., Doucet, A., Rayner, P. Optimized Support Vector Machines for Nonstationary Signal Classification IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 9(12):442-445, December 2002 (article)

PostScript Web DOI [BibTex]

A New Discriminative Kernel from Probabilistic Models

Tsuda, K., Kawanabe, M., Rätsch, G., Sonnenburg, S., Müller, K.

Neural Computation, 14(10):2397-2414, October 2002 (article)

PDF [BibTex]

ei Tsuda, K., Kawanabe, M., Rätsch, G., Sonnenburg, S., Müller, K. A New Discriminative Kernel from Probabilistic Models Neural Computation, 14(10):2397-2414, October 2002 (article)

PDF [BibTex]

Functional Genomics of Osteoarthritis

Aigner, T., Bartnik, E., Zien, A., Zimmer, R.

Pharmacogenomics, 3(5):635-650, September 2002 (article)

Web [BibTex]

ei Aigner, T., Bartnik, E., Zien, A., Zimmer, R. Functional Genomics of Osteoarthritis Pharmacogenomics, 3(5):635-650, September 2002 (article)

Web [BibTex]

Constructing Boosting algorithms from SVMs: an application to one-class classification.

Rätsch, G., Mika, S., Schölkopf, B., Müller, K.

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 24(9):1184-1199, September 2002 (article)

Abstract

We show via an equivalence of mathematical programs that a support vector (SV) algorithm can be translated into an equivalent boosting-like algorithm and vice versa. We exemplify this translation procedure for a new algorithmone-class leveragingstarting from the one-class support vector machine (1-SVM). This is a first step toward unsupervised learning in a boosting framework. Building on so-called barrier methods known from the theory of constrained optimization, it returns a function, written as a convex combination of base hypotheses, that characterizes whether a given test point is likely to have been generated from the distribution underlying the training data. Simulations on one-class classification problems demonstrate the usefulness of our approach.

DOI [BibTex]

ei Rätsch, G., Mika, S., Schölkopf, B., Müller, K. Constructing Boosting algorithms from SVMs: an application to one-class classification. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 24(9):1184-1199, September 2002 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

Forward models in visuomotor control

Mehta, B., Schaal, S.

J Neurophysiol, 88(2):942-53, August 2002, clmc (article)

Abstract

In recent years, an increasing number of research projects investigated whether the central nervous system employs internal models in motor control. While inverse models in the control loop can be identified more readily in both motor behavior and the firing of single neurons, providing direct evidence for the existence of forward models is more complicated. In this paper, we will discuss such an identification of forward models in the context of the visuomotor control of an unstable dynamic system, the balancing of a pole on a finger. Pole balancing imposes stringent constraints on the biological controller, as it needs to cope with the large delays of visual information processing while keeping the pole at an unstable equilibrium. We hypothesize various model-based and non-model-based control schemes of how visuomotor control can be accomplished in this task, including Smith Predictors, predictors with Kalman filters, tapped-delay line control, and delay-uncompensated control. Behavioral experiments with human participants allow exclusion of most of the hypothesized control schemes. In the end, our data support the existence of a forward model in the sensory preprocessing loop of control. As an important part of our research, we will provide a discussion of when and how forward models can be identified and also the possible pitfalls in the search for forward models in control.

link (url) [BibTex]

am Mehta, B., Schaal, S. Forward models in visuomotor control J Neurophysiol, 88(2):942-53, August 2002, clmc (article)

link (url) [BibTex]

Co-Clustering of Biological Networks and Gene Expression Data

Hanisch, D., Zien, A., Zimmer, R., Lengauer, T.

Bioinformatics, (Suppl 1):145S-154S, 18, July 2002 (article)

Abstract

Motivation: Large scale gene expression data are often analysed by clustering genes based on gene expression data alone, though a priori knowledge in the form of biological networks is available. The use of this additional information promises to improve exploratory analysis considerably. Results: We propose constructing a distance function which combines information from expression data and biological networks. Based on this function, we compute a joint clustering of genes and vertices of the network. This general approach is elaborated for metabolic networks. We define a graph distance function on such networks and combine it with a correlation-based distance function for gene expression measurements. A hierarchical clustering and an associated statistical measure is computed to arrive at a reasonable number of clusters. Our method is validated using expression data of the yeast diauxic shift. The resulting clusters are easily interpretable in terms of the biochemical network and the gene expression data and suggest that our method is able to automatically identify processes that are relevant under the measured conditions.

Web [BibTex]

ei Hanisch, D., Zien, A., Zimmer, R., Lengauer, T. Co-Clustering of Biological Networks and Gene Expression Data Bioinformatics, (Suppl 1):145S-154S, 18, July 2002 (article)

Web [BibTex]

Confidence measures for protein fold recognition

Sommer, I., Zien, A., von Ohsen, N., Zimmer, R., Lengauer, T.

Bioinformatics, 18(6):802-812, June 2002 (article)

[BibTex]

ei Sommer, I., Zien, A., von Ohsen, N., Zimmer, R., Lengauer, T. Confidence measures for protein fold recognition Bioinformatics, 18(6):802-812, June 2002 (article)

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The contributions of color to recognition memory for natural scenes

Wichmann, F., Sharpe, L., Gegenfurtner, K.

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 28(3):509-520, May 2002 (article)

Abstract

The authors used a recognition memory paradigm to assess the influence of color information on visual memory for images of natural scenes. Subjects performed 5-10% better for colored than for black-and-white images independent of exposure duration. Experiment 2 indicated little influence of contrast once the images were suprathreshold, and Experiment 3 revealed that performance worsened when images were presented in color and tested in black and white, or vice versa, leading to the conclusion that the surface property color is part of the memory representation. Experiments 4 and 5 exclude the possibility that the superior recognition memory for colored images results solely from attentional factors or saliency. Finally, the recognition memory advantage disappears for falsely colored images of natural scenes: The improvement in recognition memory depends on the color congruence of presented images with learned knowledge about the color gamut found within natural scenes. The results can be accounted for within a multiple memory systems framework.

PDF Web DOI [BibTex]

ei Wichmann, F., Sharpe, L., Gegenfurtner, K. The contributions of color to recognition memory for natural scenes Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 28(3):509-520, May 2002 (article)

PDF Web DOI [BibTex]

Training invariant support vector machines

DeCoste, D., Schölkopf, B.

Machine Learning, 46(1-3):161-190, January 2002 (article)

Abstract

Practical experience has shown that in order to obtain the best possible performance, prior knowledge about invariances of a classification problem at hand ought to be incorporated into the training procedure. We describe and review all known methods for doing so in support vector machines, provide experimental results, and discuss their respective merits. One of the significant new results reported in this work is our recent achievement of the lowest reported test error on the well-known MNIST digit recognition benchmark task, with SVM training times that are also significantly faster than previous SVM methods.

PDF DOI [BibTex]

ei DeCoste, D., Schölkopf, B. Training invariant support vector machines Machine Learning, 46(1-3):161-190, January 2002 (article)

PDF DOI [BibTex]

Model Selection for Small Sample Regression

Chapelle, O., Vapnik, V., Bengio, Y.

Machine Learning, 48(1-3):9-23, 2002 (article)

Abstract

Model selection is an important ingredient of many machine learning algorithms, in particular when the sample size in small, in order to strike the right trade-off between overfitting and underfitting. Previous classical results for linear regression are based on an asymptotic analysis. We present a new penalization method for performing model selection for regression that is appropriate even for small samples. Our penalization is based on an accurate estimator of the ratio of the expected training error and the expected generalization error, in terms of the expected eigenvalues of the input covariance matrix.

PostScript [BibTex]

ei Chapelle, O., Vapnik, V., Bengio, Y. Model Selection for Small Sample Regression Machine Learning, 48(1-3):9-23, 2002 (article)

PostScript [BibTex]

Contrast discrimination with sinusoidal gratings of different spatial frequency

Bird, C., Henning, G., Wichmann, F.

Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 19(7), pages: 1267-1273, 2002 (article)

Abstract

The detectability of contrast increments was measured as a function of the contrast of a masking or pedestal grating at a number of different spatial frequencies ranging from 2 to 16 cycles per degree of visual angle. The pedestal grating always had the same orientation, spatial frequency and phase as the signal. The shape of the contrast increment threshold versus pedestal contrast (TvC) functions depend of the performance level used to define the threshold, but when both axes are normalized by the contrast corresponding to 75% correct detection at each frequency, the (TvC) functions at a given performance level are identical. Confidence intervals on the slope of the rising part of the TvC functions are so wide that it is not possible with our data to reject Webers Law.

PDF [BibTex]

ei Bird, C., Henning, G., Wichmann, F. Contrast discrimination with sinusoidal gratings of different spatial frequency Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 19(7), pages: 1267-1273, 2002 (article)

PDF [BibTex]

A Bennett Concentration Inequality and Its Application to Suprema of Empirical Processes

Bousquet, O.

C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I, 334, pages: 495-500, 2002 (article)

Abstract

We introduce new concentration inequalities for functions on product spaces. They allow to obtain a Bennett type deviation bound for suprema of empirical processes indexed by upper bounded functions. The result is an improvement on Rio's version \cite{Rio01b} of Talagrand's inequality \cite{Talagrand96} for equidistributed variables.

PDF PostScript [BibTex]

ei Bousquet, O. A Bennett Concentration Inequality and Its Application to Suprema of Empirical Processes C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I, 334, pages: 495-500, 2002 (article)

PDF PostScript [BibTex]

Numerical evolution of axisymmetric, isolated systems in general relativity

Frauendiener, J., Hein, M.

Physical Review D, 66, pages: 124004-124004, 2002 (article)

Abstract

We describe in this article a new code for evolving axisymmetric isolated systems in general relativity. Such systems are described by asymptotically flat space-times, which have the property that they admit a conformal extension. We are working directly in the extended conformal manifold and solve numerically Friedrich's conformal field equations, which state that Einstein's equations hold in the physical space-time. Because of the compactness of the conformal space-time the entire space-time can be calculated on a finite numerical grid. We describe in detail the numerical scheme, especially the treatment of the axisymmetry and the boundary.

GZIP [BibTex]

ei Frauendiener, J., Hein, M. Numerical evolution of axisymmetric, isolated systems in general relativity Physical Review D, 66, pages: 124004-124004, 2002 (article)

GZIP [BibTex]

Marginalized kernels for biological sequences

Tsuda, K., Kin, T., Asai, K.

Bioinformatics, 18(Suppl 1):268-275, 2002 (article)

PDF [BibTex]

ei Tsuda, K., Kin, T., Asai, K. Marginalized kernels for biological sequences Bioinformatics, 18(Suppl 1):268-275, 2002 (article)

PDF [BibTex]

Support Vector Machines and Kernel Methods: The New Generation of Learning Machines

Cristianini, N., Schölkopf, B.

AI Magazine, 23(3):31-41, 2002 (article)

[BibTex]

ei Cristianini, N., Schölkopf, B. Support Vector Machines and Kernel Methods: The New Generation of Learning Machines AI Magazine, 23(3):31-41, 2002 (article)

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Stability and Generalization

Bousquet, O., Elisseeff, A.

Journal of Machine Learning Research, 2, pages: 499-526, 2002 (article)

Abstract

We define notions of stability for learning algorithms and show how to use these notions to derive generalization error bounds based on the empirical error and the leave-one-out error. The methods we use can be applied in the regression framework as well as in the classification one when the classifier is obtained by thresholding a real-valued function. We study the stability properties of large classes of learning algorithms such as regularization based algorithms. In particular we focus on Hilbert space regularization and Kullback-Leibler regularization. We demonstrate how to apply the results to SVM for regression and classification.

PDF PostScript [BibTex]

ei Bousquet, O., Elisseeff, A. Stability and Generalization Journal of Machine Learning Research, 2, pages: 499-526, 2002 (article)

PDF PostScript [BibTex]

Subspace information criterion for non-quadratic regularizers – model selection for sparse regressors

Tsuda, K., Sugiyama, M., Müller, K.

IEEE Trans Neural Networks, 13(1):70-80, 2002 (article)

PDF [BibTex]

ei Tsuda, K., Sugiyama, M., Müller, K. Subspace information criterion for non-quadratic regularizers – model selection for sparse regressors IEEE Trans Neural Networks, 13(1):70-80, 2002 (article)

PDF [BibTex]

Modeling splicing sites with pairwise correlations

Arita, M., Tsuda, K., Asai, K.

Bioinformatics, 18(Suppl 2):27-34, 2002 (article)

PDF [BibTex]

ei Arita, M., Tsuda, K., Asai, K. Modeling splicing sites with pairwise correlations Bioinformatics, 18(Suppl 2):27-34, 2002 (article)

PDF [BibTex]

Perfusion Quantification using Gaussian Process Deconvolution

Andersen, IK., Szymkowiak, A., Rasmussen, CE., Hanson, LG., Marstrand, JR., Larsson, HBW., Hansen, LK.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, (48):351-361, 2002 (article)

Abstract

The quantification of perfusion using dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging requires deconvolution to obtain the residual impulse-response function (IRF). Here, a method using a Gaussian process for deconvolution, GPD, is proposed. The fact that the IRF is smooth is incorporated as a constraint in the method. The GPD method, which automatically estimates the noise level in each voxel, has the advantage that model parameters are optimized automatically. The GPD is compared to singular value decomposition (SVD) using a common threshold for the singular values and to SVD using a threshold optimized according to the noise level in each voxel. The comparison is carried out using artificial data as well as using data from healthy volunteers. It is shown that GPD is comparable to SVD variable optimized threshold when determining the maximum of the IRF, which is directly related to the perfusion. GPD provides a better estimate of the entire IRF. As the signal to noise ratio increases or the time resolution of the measurements increases, GPD is shown to be superior to SVD. This is also found for large distribution volumes.

PDF PostScript [BibTex]

ei Andersen, IK., Szymkowiak, A., Rasmussen, CE., Hanson, LG., Marstrand, JR., Larsson, HBW., Hansen, LK. Perfusion Quantification using Gaussian Process Deconvolution Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, (48):351-361, 2002 (article)

PDF PostScript [BibTex]

Tracking a Small Set of Experts by Mixing Past Posteriors

Bousquet, O., Warmuth, M.

Journal of Machine Learning Research, 3, pages: 363-396, (Editors: Long, P.), 2002 (article)

Abstract

In this paper, we examine on-line learning problems in which the target concept is allowed to change over time. In each trial a master algorithm receives predictions from a large set of n experts. Its goal is to predict almost as well as the best sequence of such experts chosen off-line by partitioning the training sequence into k+1 sections and then choosing the best expert for each section. We build on methods developed by Herbster and Warmuth and consider an open problem posed by Freund where the experts in the best partition are from a small pool of size m. Since k >> m, the best expert shifts back and forth between the experts of the small pool. We propose algorithms that solve this open problem by mixing the past posteriors maintained by the master algorithm. We relate the number of bits needed for encoding the best partition to the loss bounds of the algorithms. Instead of paying log n for choosing the best expert in each section we first pay log (n choose m) bits in the bounds for identifying the pool of m experts and then log m bits per new section. In the bounds we also pay twice for encoding the boundaries of the sections.

PDF PostScript [BibTex]

ei Bousquet, O., Warmuth, M. Tracking a Small Set of Experts by Mixing Past Posteriors Journal of Machine Learning Research, 3, pages: 363-396, (Editors: Long, P.), 2002 (article)

PDF PostScript [BibTex]

A femoral arteriovenous shunt facilitates arterial whole blood sampling in animals

Weber, B., Burger, C., Biro, P., Buck, A.

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 29, pages: 319-323, 2002 (article)

[BibTex]

ei Weber, B., Burger, C., Biro, P., Buck, A. A femoral arteriovenous shunt facilitates arterial whole blood sampling in animals Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 29, pages: 319-323, 2002 (article)

[BibTex]

Contrast discrimination with pulse-trains in pink noise

Henning, G., Bird, C., Wichmann, F.

Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 19(7), pages: 1259-1266, 2002 (article)

Abstract

Detection performance was measured with sinusoidal and pulse-train gratings. Although the 2.09-c/deg pulse-train, or line gratings, contained at least 8 harmonics all at equal contrast, they were no more detectable than their most detectable component. The addition of broadband pink noise designed to equalize the detectability of the components of the pulse train made the pulse train about a factor of four more detectable than any of its components. However, in contrast-discrimination experiments, with a pedestal or masking grating of the same form and phase as the signal and 15% contrast, the noise did not affect the discrimination performance of the pulse train relative to that obtained with its sinusoidal components. We discuss the implications of these observations for models of early vision in particular the implications for possible sources of internal noise.

PDF [BibTex]

ei Henning, G., Bird, C., Wichmann, F. Contrast discrimination with pulse-trains in pink noise Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 19(7), pages: 1259-1266, 2002 (article)

PDF [BibTex]

Choosing Multiple Parameters for Support Vector Machines

Chapelle, O., Vapnik, V., Bousquet, O., Mukherjee, S.

Machine Learning, 46(1):131-159, 2002 (article)

Abstract

The problem of automatically tuning multiple parameters for pattern recognition Support Vector Machines (SVM) is considered. This is done by minimizing some estimates of the generalization error of SVMs using a gradient descent algorithm over the set of parameters. Usual methods for choosing parameters, based on exhaustive search become intractable as soon as the number of parameters exceeds two. Some experimental results assess the feasibility of our approach for a large number of parameters (more than 100) and demonstrate an improvement of generalization performance.

PDF PostScript [BibTex]

ei Chapelle, O., Vapnik, V., Bousquet, O., Mukherjee, S. Choosing Multiple Parameters for Support Vector Machines Machine Learning, 46(1):131-159, 2002 (article)

PDF PostScript [BibTex]

White matter glucose metabolism during intracortical electrostimulation: a quantitative [(18)F]Fluorodeoxyglucose autoradiography study in the rat

Weber, B., Fouad, K., Burger, C., Buck, A.

Neuroimage, 16, pages: 993-998, 2002 (article)

PDF [BibTex]

ei Weber, B., Fouad, K., Burger, C., Buck, A. White matter glucose metabolism during intracortical electrostimulation: a quantitative [(18)F]Fluorodeoxyglucose autoradiography study in the rat Neuroimage, 16, pages: 993-998, 2002 (article)

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Chirality-specific nonlinear spectroscopies in isotropic media

Fischer, P., Albrecht, A.

BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN, 75(5):1119-1124, 2002, 10th International Conference on Time-Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy (TRVS 2001), OKAZZAKI, JAPAN, MAY 21-25, 2001 (article)

Abstract

Sum or difference frequency generation (SFG or DFG) in isotropic media is in the electric-dipole approximation only symmetry allowed for optically active systems. The hyperpolarizability giving rise to these three-wave mixing processes features only one isotropic component. It factorizes into two terms, an energy (denominator) factor and a triple product of transition moments. These forbid degenerate SFG, i.e., second harmonic generation, as well as the existence of the linear electrooptic effect (Pockels effect) in isotropic media. This second order response also has no static limit, which leads to particularly strong resonance phenomena that are qualitatively different from those usually seen in the ubiquitous even-wave mixing spectroscopies. In particular, the participation of two (not the usual one) excited states is essential to achieve dramatic resonance enhancement, We report our first efforts to see such resonantly enhanced chirality specific SFG.

DOI [BibTex]

pf Fischer, P., Albrecht, A. Chirality-specific nonlinear spectroscopies in isotropic media BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN, 75(5):1119-1124, 2002, 10th International Conference on Time-Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy (TRVS 2001), OKAZZAKI, JAPAN, MAY 21-25, 2001 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

The chiral specificity of sum-frequency generation in solutions

Fischer, P., Beckwitt, K., Wise, F., Albrecht, A.

CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, 352(5-6):463-468, 2002 (article)

Abstract

Sum-frequency generation in isotropic media is in the electric-dipole approximation the only symmetry allowed for chiral systems. We demonstrate that the sum-frequency intensity from an optically active liquid depends quadratically on the difference in concentration of the two enantiomers. The dominant contribution to the signal is found to be due to the chirality specific electric-dipolar three-wave mixing nonlinearity. Selecting the polarization of all fields allows the chiral electric-dipolar contributions to the bulk sum-frequency signal to be discerned from any achiral magnetic-dipolar and electric-quadrupolar contributions. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

DOI [BibTex]

pf Fischer, P., Beckwitt, K., Wise, F., Albrecht, A. The chiral specificity of sum-frequency generation in solutions CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, 352(5-6):463-468, 2002 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

On optical rectification in isotropic media

Fischer, P., Albrecht, A.

LASER PHYSICS, 12(8):1177-1181, 2002 (article)

Abstract

Coherent nonlinear optical processes at second-order are only electric-dipole allowed in isotropic media that are optically active. Sum-frequency generation in chiral liquids has recently been observed, and difference-frequency and optical rectification have been predicted to exist in isotropic chiral media. Both Rayleigh-Schrodinger perturbation theory and the density matrix approach are used to discuss the quantum-chemical basis of optical rectification in optically active liquids. For pinene we compute the corresponding orientationally averaged hyperpolarizability, and estimate the light-induced dc electric polarization and the consequent voltage across a measuring capacitor it may give rise to near resonance.

[BibTex]

pf Fischer, P., Albrecht, A. On optical rectification in isotropic media LASER PHYSICS, 12(8):1177-1181, 2002 (article)

[BibTex]

Chemical processes during solid state reaction of carbon with alkali salts prepared for gravimetric hydrogen storage measurements

Skakalova, V., Quintel, A., Choi, Y. M., Roth, S., Becher, M., Hirscher, M.

{Chemical Physics Letters}, 365(3-4):333-337, 2002 (article)

mms

[BibTex]

mms Skakalova, V., Quintel, A., Choi, Y. M., Roth, S., Becher, M., Hirscher, M. Chemical processes during solid state reaction of carbon with alkali salts prepared for gravimetric hydrogen storage measurements {Chemical Physics Letters}, 365(3-4):333-337, 2002 (article)

[BibTex]

Micromagnetic analysis of nucleation-hardened nanocrystalline PrFeB magnets

Kronmüller, H., Goll, D.

{Scripta Materialia}, 47(8):551-556, 2002 (article)

mms

[BibTex]

mms Kronmüller, H., Goll, D. Micromagnetic analysis of nucleation-hardened nanocrystalline PrFeB magnets {Scripta Materialia}, 47(8):551-556, 2002 (article)

[BibTex]

The Verwey transition in magnetite as studied by means of definite impurity doping

Walz, F., Brabers, J. H. V. J., Brabers, V. A. M.

{Zeitschrift f\"ur Metallkunde}, 93(10):1095-1102, 2002 (article)

mms

[BibTex]

mms Walz, F., Brabers, J. H. V. J., Brabers, V. A. M. The Verwey transition in magnetite as studied by means of definite impurity doping {Zeitschrift f\"ur Metallkunde}, 93(10):1095-1102, 2002 (article)

[BibTex]

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