Publications | Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems

2016

mms Albrecht, J., Brück, S., Stahl, C., Ruoß, S. Quantitative magneto-optical analysis of the role of finite temperatures on the critical state in YBCO thin films {Superconductor Science and Technology}, 29(11), IOP Pub., Bristol, 2016 (article)

Bioinspired Motor Control for Articulated Robots [From the Guest Editors]

Vitiello, Nicola, Ijspeert, Auke J, Schaal, S.

IEEE Robotics {\&} Automation Magazine, 23(1):20-21, 2016 (article)

[BibTex]

am Vitiello, Nicola, Ijspeert, Auke J, Schaal, S. Bioinspired Motor Control for Articulated Robots [From the Guest Editors] IEEE Robotics {\&} Automation Magazine, 23(1):20-21, 2016 (article)

[BibTex]

Bio-inspired feedback-circuit implementation of discrete, free energy optimizing, winner-take-all computations

Genewein, T, Braun, DA

Biological Cybernetics, 110(2):135–150, June 2016 (article)

Abstract

Bayesian inference and bounded rational decision-making require the accumulation of evidence or utility, respectively, to transform a prior belief or strategy into a posterior probability distribution over hypotheses or actions. Crucially, this process cannot be simply realized by independent integrators, since the different hypotheses and actions also compete with each other. In continuous time, this competitive integration process can be described by a special case of the replicator equation. Here we investigate simple analog electric circuits that implement the underlying differential equation under the constraint that we only permit a limited set of building blocks that we regard as biologically interpretable, such as capacitors, resistors, voltage-dependent conductances and voltage- or current-controlled current and voltage sources. The appeal of these circuits is that they intrinsically perform normalization without requiring an explicit divisive normalization. However, even in idealized simulations, we find that these circuits are very sensitive to internal noise as they accumulate error over time. We discuss in how far neural circuits could implement these operations that might provide a generic competitive principle underlying both perception and action.

ei Genewein, T, Braun, DA Bio-inspired feedback-circuit implementation of discrete, free energy optimizing, winner-take-all computations Biological Cybernetics, 110(2):135–150, June 2016 (article)

Collective modes in three-dimensional magnonic vortex crystals

Hänze, M., Adolff, C. F., Schulte, B., Möller, J., Weigand, M., Meier, G.

{Scientific Reports}, 6, Nature Publishing Group, London, UK, 2016 (article)

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mms Hänze, M., Adolff, C. F., Schulte, B., Möller, J., Weigand, M., Meier, G. Collective modes in three-dimensional magnonic vortex crystals {Scientific Reports}, 6, Nature Publishing Group, London, UK, 2016 (article)

Spin wave mediated unidirectional vortex core reversal by two orthogonal monopolar field pulses: The essential role of three-dimensional magnetization dynamics

Noske, M., Stoll, H., Fähnle, M., Gangwar, A., Woltersdorf, G., Slavin, A., Weigand, M., Dieterle, G., Förster, J., Back, C. H., Schütz, G.

{Journal of Applied Physics}, 119(17), AIP Publishing, New York, NY, 2016 (article)

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mms Noske, M., Stoll, H., Fähnle, M., Gangwar, A., Woltersdorf, G., Slavin, A., Weigand, M., Dieterle, G., Förster, J., Back, C. H., Schütz, G. Spin wave mediated unidirectional vortex core reversal by two orthogonal monopolar field pulses: The essential role of three-dimensional magnetization dynamics {Journal of Applied Physics}, 119(17), AIP Publishing, New York, NY, 2016 (article)

Magnetic vortex cores as tunable spin-wave emitters

Wintz, S., Tiberkevich, V., Weigand, M., Raabe, J., Lindner, J., Erbe, A., Slavin, A., Fassbender, J.

{Nature Nanotechnology}, 11(11):948-953, Nature Publishing Group, London, 2016 (article)

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mms Wintz, S., Tiberkevich, V., Weigand, M., Raabe, J., Lindner, J., Erbe, A., Slavin, A., Fassbender, J. Magnetic vortex cores as tunable spin-wave emitters {Nature Nanotechnology}, 11(11):948-953, Nature Publishing Group, London, 2016 (article)

The usable capacity of porous materials for hydrogen storage

Schlichtenmayer, M., Hirscher, M.

{Applied Physics A}, 122(4), Springer-Verlag Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 2016 (article)

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mms Schlichtenmayer, M., Hirscher, M. The usable capacity of porous materials for hydrogen storage {Applied Physics A}, 122(4), Springer-Verlag Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 2016 (article)

Ferromagnetic behaviour of ZnO: the role of grain boundaries

Straumal, B. B., Protasova, S. G., Mazilkin, A. A., Goering, E., Schütz, G., Straumal, P. B., Baretzky, B.

{Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology}, 7, pages: 1936-1947, Beilstein-Institut, Frankfurt am Main, 2016 (article)

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mms Straumal, B. B., Protasova, S. G., Mazilkin, A. A., Goering, E., Schütz, G., Straumal, P. B., Baretzky, B. Ferromagnetic behaviour of ZnO: the role of grain boundaries {Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology}, 7, pages: 1936-1947, Beilstein-Institut, Frankfurt am Main, 2016 (article)

Localized domain wall nucleation dynamics in asymmetric ferromagnetic rings revealed by direct time-resolved magnetic imaging

Richter, K., Krone, A., Mawass, M., Krüger, B., Weigand, M., Stoll, H., Schütz, G., Kläui, M.

{Physical Review B}, 94(2), American Physical Society, Woodbury, NY, 2016 (article)

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mms Richter, K., Krone, A., Mawass, M., Krüger, B., Weigand, M., Stoll, H., Schütz, G., Kläui, M. Localized domain wall nucleation dynamics in asymmetric ferromagnetic rings revealed by direct time-resolved magnetic imaging {Physical Review B}, 94(2), American Physical Society, Woodbury, NY, 2016 (article)

Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets

Woo, S., Litzius, K., Krüger, B., Im, M., Caretta, L., Richter, K., Mann, M., Krone, A., Reeve, R. M., Weigand, M., Agrawal, P., Lemesh, I., Mawass, M., Fischer, P., Kläui, M., Beach, G. S. D.

{Nature Materials}, 15(5):501-506, Nature Pub. Group, London, UK, 2016 (article)

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mms Woo, S., Litzius, K., Krüger, B., Im, M., Caretta, L., Richter, K., Mann, M., Krone, A., Reeve, R. M., Weigand, M., Agrawal, P., Lemesh, I., Mawass, M., Fischer, P., Kläui, M., Beach, G. S. D. Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets {Nature Materials}, 15(5):501-506, Nature Pub. Group, London, UK, 2016 (article)

Decision-Making under Ambiguity Is Modulated by Visual Framing, but Not by Motor vs. Non-Motor Context: Experiments and an Information-Theoretic Ambiguity Model

Grau-Moya, J, Ortega, PA, Braun, DA

PLoS ONE, 11(4):1-21, April 2016 (article)

Abstract

A number of recent studies have investigated differences in human choice behavior depending on task framing, especially comparing economic decision-making to choice behavior in equivalent sensorimotor tasks. Here we test whether decision-making under ambiguity exhibits effects of task framing in motor vs. non-motor context. In a first experiment, we designed an experience-based urn task with varying degrees of ambiguity and an equivalent motor task where subjects chose between hitting partially occluded targets. In a second experiment, we controlled for the different stimulus design in the two tasks by introducing an urn task with bar stimuli matching those in the motor task. We found ambiguity attitudes to be mainly influenced by stimulus design. In particular, we found that the same subjects tended to be ambiguity-preferring when choosing between ambiguous bar stimuli, but ambiguity-avoiding when choosing between ambiguous urn sample stimuli. In contrast, subjects’ choice pattern was not affected by changing from a target hitting task to a non-motor context when keeping the stimulus design unchanged. In both tasks subjects’ choice behavior was continuously modulated by the degree of ambiguity. We show that this modulation of behavior can be explained by an information-theoretic model of ambiguity that generalizes Bayes-optimal decision-making by combining Bayesian inference with robust decision-making under model uncertainty. Our results demonstrate the benefits of information-theoretic models of decision-making under varying degrees of ambiguity for a given context, but also demonstrate the sensitivity of ambiguity attitudes across contexts that theoretical models struggle to explain.

ei Grau-Moya, J, Ortega, PA, Braun, DA Decision-Making under Ambiguity Is Modulated by Visual Framing, but Not by Motor vs. Non-Motor Context: Experiments and an Information-Theoretic Ambiguity Model PLoS ONE, 11(4):1-21, April 2016 (article)

Outlook and challenges for hydrogen storage in nanoporous materials

Broom, D. P., Webb, C. J., Hurst, K. E., Parilla, P. A., Gennett, T., Brown, C. M., Zacharia, R., Tylianakis, E., Klontzas, E., Froudakis, G. E., Steriotis, T. A., Trikalitis, P. N., Anton, D. L., Hardy, B., Tamburello, D., Corgnale, C., van Hassel, B. A., Cossement, D., Chahine, R., Hirscher, M.

{Applied Physics A}, 122(3), Springer-Verlag Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 2016 (article)

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mms Broom, D. P., Webb, C. J., Hurst, K. E., Parilla, P. A., Gennett, T., Brown, C. M., Zacharia, R., Tylianakis, E., Klontzas, E., Froudakis, G. E., Steriotis, T. A., Trikalitis, P. N., Anton, D. L., Hardy, B., Tamburello, D., Corgnale, C., van Hassel, B. A., Cossement, D., Chahine, R., Hirscher, M. Outlook and challenges for hydrogen storage in nanoporous materials {Applied Physics A}, 122(3), Springer-Verlag Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 2016 (article)

Quantum sieving for separation of hydrogen isotopes using MOFs

Oh, H., Hirscher, M.

{European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry}, 2016(27):4278-4289, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2016 (article)

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mms Oh, H., Hirscher, M. Quantum sieving for separation of hydrogen isotopes using MOFs {European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry}, 2016(27):4278-4289, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2016 (article)

Direct patterning of vortex generators on a fiber tip using a focused ion beam

Vayalamkuzhi, P., Bhattacharya, S., Eigenthaler, U., Keskinbora, K., Salman, C. T., Hirscher, M., Spatz, J. P., Viswanathan, N. K.

{Optics Letters}, 41(10):2133-2136, Optical Society of America, Washington, 2016 (article)

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mms Vayalamkuzhi, P., Bhattacharya, S., Eigenthaler, U., Keskinbora, K., Salman, C. T., Hirscher, M., Spatz, J. P., Viswanathan, N. K. Direct patterning of vortex generators on a fiber tip using a focused ion beam {Optics Letters}, 41(10):2133-2136, Optical Society of America, Washington, 2016 (article)

Two-body problem of core-region coupled magnetic vortex stacks

Hänze, M., Adolff, C. F., Velten, S., Weigand, M., Meier, G.

{Physical Review B}, 93(5), American Physical Society, Woodbury, NY, 2016 (article)

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mms Hänze, M., Adolff, C. F., Velten, S., Weigand, M., Meier, G. Two-body problem of core-region coupled magnetic vortex stacks {Physical Review B}, 93(5), American Physical Society, Woodbury, NY, 2016 (article)

Irreproducibility in hydrogen storage material research

Broom, D. P., Hirscher, M.

{Energy \& Environmental Science}, 9(11):3368-3380, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 2016 (article)

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mms Broom, D. P., Hirscher, M. Irreproducibility in hydrogen storage material research {Energy \& Environmental Science}, 9(11):3368-3380, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 2016 (article)

Effect of surface configurations on the room-temperature magnetism of pure ZnO

Chen, Y., Wang, Z., Leineweber, A., Baier, J., Tietze, T., Phillipp, F., Schütz, G., Goering, E.

{Journal of Materials Chemistry C}, 4(19):4166-4175, Royal Society of Chemistry, London, UK, 2016 (article)

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mms Chen, Y., Wang, Z., Leineweber, A., Baier, J., Tietze, T., Phillipp, F., Schütz, G., Goering, E. Effect of surface configurations on the room-temperature magnetism of pure ZnO {Journal of Materials Chemistry C}, 4(19):4166-4175, Royal Society of Chemistry, London, UK, 2016 (article)

On the synthesis and microstructure analysis of high performance MnBi

Chen, Y., Sawatzki, S., Ener, S., Sepehri-Amin, H., Leineweber, A., Gregori, G., Qu, F., Muralidhar, S., Ohkubo, T., Hono, K., Gutfleisch, O., Kronmüller, H., Schütz, G., Goering, E.

{AIP Advances}, 6(12), 2016 (article)

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mms Chen, Y., Sawatzki, S., Ener, S., Sepehri-Amin, H., Leineweber, A., Gregori, G., Qu, F., Muralidhar, S., Ohkubo, T., Hono, K., Gutfleisch, O., Kronmüller, H., Schütz, G., Goering, E. On the synthesis and microstructure analysis of high performance MnBi {AIP Advances}, 6(12), 2016 (article)

The role of individual defects on the magnetic screening of HTSC films

Ruoß, S., Stahl, C., Weigand, M., Zahn, P., Bayer, J., Schütz, G., Albrecht, J.

{New Journal of Physics}, 18(10), IOP Publishing, Bristol, 2016 (article)

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mms Ruoß, S., Stahl, C., Weigand, M., Zahn, P., Bayer, J., Schütz, G., Albrecht, J. The role of individual defects on the magnetic screening of HTSC films {New Journal of Physics}, 18(10), IOP Publishing, Bristol, 2016 (article)

DOI Project Page [BibTex]

Magnetic switching of nanoscale antidot lattices

Wiedwald, U., Gräfe, J., Lebecki, K. M., Skripnik, M., Haering, F., Schütz, G., Ziemann, P., Goering, E., Nowak, U.

{Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology}, 7, pages: 733-750, Beilstein-Institut, Frankfurt am Main, 2016 (article)

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mms Wiedwald, U., Gräfe, J., Lebecki, K. M., Skripnik, M., Haering, F., Schütz, G., Ziemann, P., Goering, E., Nowak, U. Magnetic switching of nanoscale antidot lattices {Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology}, 7, pages: 733-750, Beilstein-Institut, Frankfurt am Main, 2016 (article)

DOI Project Page [BibTex]

Hydrogen-based energy storage (IEA-HIA Task 32)

Buckley, C. E., Chen, P., van Hassel, B. A., Hirscher, M.

{Applied Physics A}, 122(2), Springer-Verlag Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 2016 (article)

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mms Buckley, C. E., Chen, P., van Hassel, B. A., Hirscher, M. Hydrogen-based energy storage (IEA-HIA Task 32) {Applied Physics A}, 122(2), Springer-Verlag Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 2016 (article)

Local domain-wall velocity engineering via tailored potential landscapes in ferromagnetic rings

Richter, K., Krone, A., Mawass, M., Krüger, B., Weigand, M., Stoll, H., Schütz, G., Kläui, M.

{Physical Review Applied}, 5(2), American Physical Society, College Park, Md. [u.a.], 2016 (article)

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mms Richter, K., Krone, A., Mawass, M., Krüger, B., Weigand, M., Stoll, H., Schütz, G., Kläui, M. Local domain-wall velocity engineering via tailored potential landscapes in ferromagnetic rings {Physical Review Applied}, 5(2), American Physical Society, College Park, Md. [u.a.], 2016 (article)

Geometric control of the magnetization reversal in antidot lattices with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

Gräfe, J., Weigand, M., Träger, N., Schütz, G., Goering, E. J., Skripnik, M., Nowak, U., Haering, F., Ziemann, P., Wiedwald, U.

{Physical Review B}, 93(10), American Physical Society, Woodbury, NY, 2016 (article)

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mms Gräfe, J., Weigand, M., Träger, N., Schütz, G., Goering, E. J., Skripnik, M., Nowak, U., Haering, F., Ziemann, P., Wiedwald, U. Geometric control of the magnetization reversal in antidot lattices with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy {Physical Review B}, 93(10), American Physical Society, Woodbury, NY, 2016 (article)

Growth and characterizationof large weak topological insulator Bi2Tel single crystal by Bismuth self-flux method

Ryu, G., Son, K., Schütz, G.

{Journal of Crystal Growth}, 440, pages: 26-30, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 2016 (article)

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mms Ryu, G., Son, K., Schütz, G. Growth and characterizationof large weak topological insulator Bi2Tel single crystal by Bismuth self-flux method {Journal of Crystal Growth}, 440, pages: 26-30, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 2016 (article)

Additive interfacial chiral interaction in multilayers for stabilization of small individual skyrmions at room temperature

Moreau-Luchaire, C., Moutafis, C., Reyren, N., Sampaio, J., Vaz, C. A. F., Van Horne, N., Bouzehouane, K., Garcia, K., Deranlot, C., Warnicke, P., Wohlhüter, P., George, J.-M., Weigand, M., Raabe, J., Cros, V., Fert, A.

{Nature Nanotechnology}, 11(5):444-448, Nature Publishing Group, London, 2016 (article)

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mms Moreau-Luchaire, C., Moutafis, C., Reyren, N., Sampaio, J., Vaz, C. A. F., Van Horne, N., Bouzehouane, K., Garcia, K., Deranlot, C., Warnicke, P., Wohlhüter, P., George, J.-M., Weigand, M., Raabe, J., Cros, V., Fert, A. Additive interfacial chiral interaction in multilayers for stabilization of small individual skyrmions at room temperature {Nature Nanotechnology}, 11(5):444-448, Nature Publishing Group, London, 2016 (article)

Surface defect free growth of a spin dimer TlCuCl3 compound crystals and investigations on its optical and magnetic properties

Ryu, G., Son, K.

{Journal of Solid State Chemistry}, 237, pages: 358-363, Academic Press, Orlando, Fla., 2016 (article)

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mms Ryu, G., Son, K. Surface defect free growth of a spin dimer TlCuCl3 compound crystals and investigations on its optical and magnetic properties {Journal of Solid State Chemistry}, 237, pages: 358-363, Academic Press, Orlando, Fla., 2016 (article)

Physical and mathematical justification of the numerical Brillouin zone integration of the Boltzmann rate equation by Gaussian smearing

Illg, C., Haag, M., Teeny, N., Wirth, J., Fähnle, M.

{Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics}, 10(1):1-6, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Tehran, 2016 (article)

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mms Illg, C., Haag, M., Teeny, N., Wirth, J., Fähnle, M. Physical and mathematical justification of the numerical Brillouin zone integration of the Boltzmann rate equation by Gaussian smearing {Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics}, 10(1):1-6, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Tehran, 2016 (article)

Pinned orbital moments - A new contribution to magnetic anisotropy

Audehm, P., Schmidt, M., Brück, S., Tietze, T., Gräfe, J., Macke, S., Schütz, G., Goering, E.

{Scientific Reports}, 6, Nature Publishing Group, London, UK, 2016 (article)

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mms Audehm, P., Schmidt, M., Brück, S., Tietze, T., Gräfe, J., Macke, S., Schütz, G., Goering, E. Pinned orbital moments - A new contribution to magnetic anisotropy {Scientific Reports}, 6, Nature Publishing Group, London, UK, 2016 (article)

Comparative study of ALD SiO2 thin films for optical applications

Pfeiffer, K., Shestaeva, S., Bingel, A., Munzert, P., Ghazaryan, L., van Helvoirt, C., Kessels, W. M. M., Sanli, U. T., Grévent, C., Schütz, G., Putkonen, M., Buchanan, I., Jensen, L., Ristau, D., Tünnermann, A., Szeghalmi, A.

{Optical materials express}, 6(2):660-670, OSA, Washington, DC, 2016 (article)

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mms Pfeiffer, K., Shestaeva, S., Bingel, A., Munzert, P., Ghazaryan, L., van Helvoirt, C., Kessels, W. M. M., Sanli, U. T., Grévent, C., Schütz, G., Putkonen, M., Buchanan, I., Jensen, L., Ristau, D., Tünnermann, A., Szeghalmi, A. Comparative study of ALD SiO2 thin films for optical applications {Optical materials express}, 6(2):660-670, OSA, Washington, DC, 2016 (article)

Combined first-order reversal curve and x-ray microscopy investigation of magnetization reversal mechanisms in hexagonal antidot lattices

Gräfe, J., Weigand, M., Stahl, C., Träger, N., Kopp, M., Schütz, G., Goering, E. J., Haering, F., Ziemann, P., Wiedwald, U.

{Physical Review B}, 93(1), American Physical Society, Woodbury, NY, 2016 (article)

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mms Gräfe, J., Weigand, M., Stahl, C., Träger, N., Kopp, M., Schütz, G., Goering, E. J., Haering, F., Ziemann, P., Wiedwald, U. Combined first-order reversal curve and x-ray microscopy investigation of magnetization reversal mechanisms in hexagonal antidot lattices {Physical Review B}, 93(1), American Physical Society, Woodbury, NY, 2016 (article)

Switching probabilities of magnetic vortex core reversal studied by table top magneto optic Kerr microscopy

Dieterle, G., Gangwar, A., Gräfe, J., Noske, M., Förster, J., Woltersdorf, G., Stoll, H., Back, C. H., Schütz, G.

{Applied Physics Letters}, 108(2), American Institute of Physics, Melville, NY, 2016 (article)

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mms Dieterle, G., Gangwar, A., Gräfe, J., Noske, M., Förster, J., Woltersdorf, G., Stoll, H., Back, C. H., Schütz, G. Switching probabilities of magnetic vortex core reversal studied by table top magneto optic Kerr microscopy {Applied Physics Letters}, 108(2), American Institute of Physics, Melville, NY, 2016 (article)

Ultrafast demagnetization after femtosecond laser pulses: Transfer of angular momentum from the electronic system to magnetoelastic spin-phonon modes

Tsatsoulis, T., Illg, C., Haag, M., Müller, B. Y., Zhang, L., Fähnle, M.

{Physical Review B}, 93(13), American Physical Society, Woodbury, NY, 2016 (article)

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mms Tsatsoulis, T., Illg, C., Haag, M., Müller, B. Y., Zhang, L., Fähnle, M. Ultrafast demagnetization after femtosecond laser pulses: Transfer of angular momentum from the electronic system to magnetoelastic spin-phonon modes {Physical Review B}, 93(13), American Physical Society, Woodbury, NY, 2016 (article)

Developments in the Ni-Nb-Zr amorphous alloy membranes

Sarker, S., Chandra, D., Hirscher, M., Dolan, M., Isheim, D., Wermer, J., Viano, D., Baricco, M., Udovic, T. J., Grant, D., Palumbo, O., Paolone, A., Cantelli, R.

{Applied Physics A}, 122(3), Springer-Verlag Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 2016 (article)

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mms Sarker, S., Chandra, D., Hirscher, M., Dolan, M., Isheim, D., Wermer, J., Viano, D., Baricco, M., Udovic, T. J., Grant, D., Palumbo, O., Paolone, A., Cantelli, R. Developments in the Ni-Nb-Zr amorphous alloy membranes {Applied Physics A}, 122(3), Springer-Verlag Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 2016 (article)

Resistance to the transport of H2 through the external surface of as-made and modified silicalite-1 (MFI)

Kalantzopoulos, G. N., Policicchio, A., Maccallini, E., Krkljus, I., Ciuchi, F., Hirscher, M., Agostino, R. G., Golemme, G.

{Microporous and Mesoporous Materials}, 220, pages: 290-297, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2016 (article)

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mms Kalantzopoulos, G. N., Policicchio, A., Maccallini, E., Krkljus, I., Ciuchi, F., Hirscher, M., Agostino, R. G., Golemme, G. Resistance to the transport of H2 through the external surface of as-made and modified silicalite-1 (MFI) {Microporous and Mesoporous Materials}, 220, pages: 290-297, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2016 (article)

Observation of pseudopartial grain boundary wetting in the NdFeB-based alloy

Straumal, B. B., Mazilkin, A. A., Protasova, S. G., Schütz, G., Straumal, A. B., Baretzky, B.

{Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance}, 25(8):3303-3309, 2016 (article)

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mms Straumal, B. B., Mazilkin, A. A., Protasova, S. G., Schütz, G., Straumal, A. B., Baretzky, B. Observation of pseudopartial grain boundary wetting in the NdFeB-based alloy {Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance}, 25(8):3303-3309, 2016 (article)

2009

Learning an Interactive Segmentation System

Nickisch, H., Kohli, P., Rother, C.

Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, December 2009 (techreport)

Abstract

Many successful applications of computer vision to image or video manipulation are interactive by nature. However, parameters of such systems are often trained neglecting the user. Traditionally, interactive systems have been treated in the same manner as their fully automatic counterparts. Their performance is evaluated by computing the accuracy of their solutions under some fixed set of user interactions. This paper proposes a new evaluation and learning method which brings the user in the loop. It is based on the use of an active robot user - a simulated model of a human user. We show how this approach can be used to evaluate and learn parameters of state-of-the-art interactive segmentation systems. We also show how simulated user models can be integrated into the popular max-margin method for parameter learning and propose an algorithm to solve the resulting optimisation problem.

2009

ei Nickisch, H., Kohli, P., Rother, C. Learning an Interactive Segmentation System Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, December 2009 (techreport)

Efficient Subwindow Search: A Branch and Bound Framework for Object Localization

Lampert, C., Blaschko, M., Hofmann, T.

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 31(12):2129-2142, December 2009 (article)

Abstract

Most successful object recognition systems rely on binary classification, deciding only if an object is present or not, but not providing information on the actual object location. To estimate the object‘s location, one can take a sliding window approach, but this strongly increases the computational cost because the classifier or similarity function has to be evaluated over a large set of candidate subwindows. In this paper, we propose a simple yet powerful branch and bound scheme that allows efficient maximization of a large class of quality functions over all possible subimages. It converges to a globally optimal solution typically in linear or even sublinear time, in contrast to the quadratic scaling of exhaustive or sliding window search. We show how our method is applicable to different object detection and image retrieval scenarios. The achieved speedup allows the use of classifiers for localization that formerly were considered too slow for this task, such as SVMs with a spatial pyramid kernel or nearest-neighbor classifiers based on the chi^2 distance. We demonstrate state-of-the-art localization performance of the resulting systems on the UIUC Cars data set, the PASCAL VOC 2006 data set, and in the PASCAL VOC 2007 competition.

ei Lampert, C., Blaschko, M., Hofmann, T. Efficient Subwindow Search: A Branch and Bound Framework for Object Localization IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 31(12):2129-2142, December 2009 (article)

Generation of three-dimensional random rotations in fitting and matching problems

Habeck, M.

Computational Statistics, 24(4):719-731, December 2009 (article)

Abstract

An algorithm is developed to generate random rotations in three-dimensional space that follow a probability distribution arising in fitting and matching problems. The rotation matrices are orthogonally transformed into an optimal basis and then parameterized using Euler angles. The conditional distributions of the three Euler angles have a very simple form: the two azimuthal angles can be decoupled by sampling their sum and difference from a von Mises distribution; the cosine of the polar angle is exponentially distributed and thus straighforward to generate. Simulation results are shown and demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. The algorithm is compared to other methods for generating random rotations such as a random walk Metropolis scheme and a Gibbs sampling algorithm recently introduced by Green and Mardia. Finally, the algorithm is applied to a probabilistic version of the Procrustes problem of fitting two point sets and applied in the context of protein structure superposition.

ei Habeck, M. Generation of three-dimensional random rotations in fitting and matching problems Computational Statistics, 24(4):719-731, December 2009 (article)

Adaptive Importance Sampling for Value Function Approximation in Off-policy Reinforcement Learning

Hachiya, H., Akiyama, T., Sugiyama, M., Peters, J.

Neural Networks, 22(10):1399-1410, December 2009 (article)

Abstract

Off-policy reinforcement learning is aimed at efficiently using data samples gathered from a policy that is different from the currently optimized policy. A common approach is to use importance sampling techniques for compensating for the bias of value function estimators caused by the difference between the data-sampling policy and the target policy. However, existing off-policy methods often do not take the variance of the value function estimators explicitly into account and therefore their performance tends to be unstable. To cope with this problem, we propose using an adaptive importance sampling technique which allows us to actively control the trade-off between bias and variance. We further provide a method for optimally determining the trade-off parameter based on a variant of cross-validation. We demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach through simulations.

ei Hachiya, H., Akiyama, T., Sugiyama, M., Peters, J. Adaptive Importance Sampling for Value Function Approximation in Off-policy Reinforcement Learning Neural Networks, 22(10):1399-1410, December 2009 (article)

Guest editorial: special issue on structured prediction

Parker, C., Altun, Y., Tadepalli, P.

Machine Learning, 77(2-3):161-164, December 2009 (article)

ei Parker, C., Altun, Y., Tadepalli, P. Guest editorial: special issue on structured prediction Machine Learning, 77(2-3):161-164, December 2009 (article)

Structured prediction by joint kernel support estimation

Lampert, CH., Blaschko, MB.

Machine Learning, 77(2-3):249-269, December 2009 (article)

ei Lampert, CH., Blaschko, MB. Structured prediction by joint kernel support estimation Machine Learning, 77(2-3):249-269, December 2009 (article)

Nguyen-Tuong, D., Seeger, M., Peters, J.

A note on ethical aspects of BCI

Haselager, P., Vlek, R., Hill, J., Nijboer, F.

Neural Networks, 22(9):1352-1357, November 2009 (article)

Abstract

This paper focuses on ethical aspects of BCI, as a research and a clinical tool, that are challenging for practitioners currently working in the field. Specifically, the difficulties involved in acquiring informed consent from locked-in patients are investigated, in combination with an analysis of the shared moral responsibility in BCI teams, and the complications encountered in establishing effective communication with media.

Web DOI [BibTex]

ei Haselager, P., Vlek, R., Hill, J., Nijboer, F. A note on ethical aspects of BCI Neural Networks, 22(9):1352-1357, November 2009 (article)

Web DOI [BibTex]

Model Learning with Local Gaussian Process Regression

Advanced Robotics, 23(15):2015-2034, November 2009 (article)

Abstract

Precise models of robot inverse dynamics allow the design of significantly more accurate, energy-efficient and compliant robot control. However, in some cases the accuracy of rigid-body models does not suffice for sound control performance due to unmodeled nonlinearities arising from hydraulic cable dynamics, complex friction or actuator dynamics. In such cases, estimating the inverse dynamics model from measured data poses an interesting alternative. Nonparametric regression methods, such as Gaussian process regression (GPR) or locally weighted projection regression (LWPR), are not as restrictive as parametric models and, thus, offer a more flexible framework for approximating unknown nonlinearities. In this paper, we propose a local approximation to the standard GPR, called local GPR (LGP), for real-time model online learning by combining the strengths of both regression methods, i.e., the high accuracy of GPR and the fast speed of LWPR. The approach is shown to have competitive learning performance for hig h-dimensional data while being sufficiently fast for real-time learning. The effectiveness of LGP is exhibited by a comparison with the state-of-the-art regression techniques, such as GPR, LWPR and ν-support vector regression. The applicability of the proposed LGP method is demonstrated by real-time online learning of the inverse dynamics model for robot model-based control on a Barrett WAM robot arm.

ei Nguyen-Tuong, D., Seeger, M., Peters, J. Model Learning with Local Gaussian Process Regression Advanced Robotics, 23(15):2015-2034, November 2009 (article)

An Incremental GEM Framework for Multiframe Blind Deconvolution, Super-Resolution, and Saturation Correction

Harmeling, S., Sra, S., Hirsch, M., Schölkopf, B.

(187), Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, November 2009 (techreport)

Abstract

We develop an incremental generalized expectation maximization (GEM) framework to model the multiframe blind deconvolution problem. A simplistic version of this problem was recently studied by Harmeling etal~cite{harmeling09}. We solve a more realistic version of this problem which includes the following major features: (i) super-resolution ability emph{despite} noise and unknown blurring; (ii) saturation-correction, i.e., handling of overexposed pixels that can otherwise confound the image processing; and (iii) simultaneous handling of color channels. These features are seamlessly integrated into our incremental GEM framework to yield simple but efficient multiframe blind deconvolution algorithms. We present technical details concerning critical steps of our algorithms, especially to highlight how all operations can be written using matrix-vector multiplications. We apply our algorithm to real-world images from astronomy and super resolution tasks. Our experimental results show that our methods yield improve d resolution and deconvolution at the same time.

ei Harmeling, S., Sra, S., Hirsch, M., Schölkopf, B. An Incremental GEM Framework for Multiframe Blind Deconvolution, Super-Resolution, and Saturation Correction (187), Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, November 2009 (techreport)

Efficient Filter Flow for Space-Variant Multiframe Blind Deconvolution

Hirsch, M., Sra, S., Schölkopf, B., Harmeling, S.

(188), Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, November 2009 (techreport)

Abstract

Ultimately being motivated by facilitating space-variant blind deconvolution, we present a class of linear transformations, that are expressive enough for space-variant filters, but at the same time especially designed for efficient matrix-vector-multiplications. Successful results on astronomical imaging through atmospheric turbulences and on noisy magnetic resonance images of constantly moving objects demonstrate the practical significance of our approach.

ei Hirsch, M., Sra, S., Schölkopf, B., Harmeling, S. Efficient Filter Flow for Space-Variant Multiframe Blind Deconvolution (188), Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, November 2009 (techreport)

Inferring textual entailment with a probabilistically sound calculus

Harmeling, S.

Natural Language Engineering, 15(4):459-477, October 2009 (article)

Abstract

We introduce a system for textual entailment that is based on a probabilistic model of entailment. The model is defined using a calculus of transformations on dependency trees, which is characterized by the fact that derivations in that calculus preserve the truth only with a certain probability. The calculus is successfully evaluated on the datasets of the PASCAL Challenge on Recognizing Textual Entailment.

ei Harmeling, S. Inferring textual entailment with a probabilistically sound calculus Natural Language Engineering, 15(4):459-477, October 2009 (article)

Modeling and Visualizing Uncertainty in Gene Expression Clusters using Dirichlet Process Mixtures

Rasmussen, CE., de la Cruz, BJ., Ghahramani, Z., Wild, DL.

IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, 6(4):615-628, October 2009 (article)

Abstract

Although the use of clustering methods has rapidly become one of the standard computational approaches in the literature of microarray gene expression data, little attention has been paid to uncertainty in the results obtained. Dirichlet process mixture models provide a non-parametric Bayesian alternative to the bootstrap approach to modeling uncertainty in gene expression clustering. Most previously published applications of Bayesian model based clustering methods have been to short time series data. In this paper we present a case study of the application of non-parametric Bayesian clustering methods to the clustering of high-dimensional non-time series gene expression data using full Gaussian covariances. We use the probability that two genes belong to the same cluster in a Dirichlet process mixture model as a measure of the similarity of these gene expression profiles. Conversely, this probability can be used to define a dissimilarity measure, which, for the purposes of visualization, can be input to one of the standard linkage algorithms used for hierarchical clustering. Biologically plausible results are obtained from the Rosetta compendium of expression profiles which extend previously published cluster analyses of this data.

ei Rasmussen, CE., de la Cruz, BJ., Ghahramani, Z., Wild, DL. Modeling and Visualizing Uncertainty in Gene Expression Clusters using Dirichlet Process Mixtures IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, 6(4):615-628, October 2009 (article)

Clinical PET/MRI-System and Its Applications with MRI Based Attenuation Correction

Kolb, A., Hofmann, M., Sossi, V., Wehrl, H., Sauter, A., Schmid, A., Schlemmer, H., Claussen, C., Pichler, B.

IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC 2009), 2009, pages: 1, October 2009 (poster)

Abstract

Clinical PET/MRI is an emerging new hybrid imaging modality. In addition to provide an unique possibility for multifunctional imaging with temporally and spatially matched data, it also provides anatomical information that can also be used for attenuation correction with no radiation exposure to the subjects. A plus of combined compared to sequential PET and MR imaging is the reduction of total scan time. Here we present our initial experience with a hybrid brain PET/MRI system. Due to the ethical approval patient scans could only be performed after a diagnostic PET/CT. We estimate that in approximately 50% of the cases PET/MRI was of superior diagnostic value compared to PET/CT and was able to provide additional information, such as DTI, spectroscopy and Time Of Flight (TOF) angiography. Here we present 3 patient cases in oncology, a retropharyngeal carcinoma in neurooncology, a relapsing meningioma and in neurology a pharyngeal carcinoma in addition to an infraction of the right hemisphere. For quantitative PET imaging attenuation correction is obligatory. In current PET/MRI setup we used our MRI based atlas method for calculating the mu-map for attenuation correction. MR-based attenuation correction accuracy was quantitatively compared to CT-based PET attenuation correction. Extensive studies to assess potential mutual interferences between PET and MR imaging modalities as well as NEMA measurements have been performed. The first patient studies as well as the phantom tests clearly demonstrated the overall good imaging performance of this first human PET/MRI system. Ongoing work concentrates on advanced normalization and reconstruction methods incorporating count-rate based algorithms.

ei Kolb, A., Hofmann, M., Sossi, V., Wehrl, H., Sauter, A., Schmid, A., Schlemmer, H., Claussen, C., Pichler, B. Clinical PET/MRI-System and Its Applications with MRI Based Attenuation Correction IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC 2009), 2009, pages: 1, October 2009 (poster)

Thermodynamic efficiency of information and heat flow

Allahverdyan, A., Janzing, D., Mahler, G.

Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, 2009(09):P09011, September 2009 (article)

Abstract

A basic task of information processing is information transfer (flow). P0 Here we study a pair of Brownian particles each coupled to a thermal bath at temperatures T1 and T2 . The information flow in such a system is defined via the time-shifted mutual information. The information flow nullifies at equilibrium, and its efficiency is defined as the ratio of the flow to the total entropy production in the system. For a stationary state the information flows from higher to lower temperatures, and its efficiency is bounded from above by (max[T1 , T2 ])/(|T1 &amp;amp;amp;amp;#8722; T2 |). This upper bound is imposed by the second law and it quantifies the thermodynamic cost for information flow in the present class of systems. It can be reached in the adiabatic situation, where the particles have widely different characteristic times. The efficiency of heat flowdefined as the heat flow over the total amount of dissipated heatis limited from above by the same factor. There is a complementarity between heat and information flow: the set-up which is most efficient for the former is the least efficient for the latter and vice versa. The above bound for the efficiency can be (transiently) overcome in certain non-stationary situations, but the efficiency is still limited from above. We study yet another measure of information processing (transfer entropy) proposed in the literature. Though this measure does not require any thermodynamic cost, the information flow and transfer entropy are shown to be intimately related for stationary states.

ei Allahverdyan, A., Janzing, D., Mahler, G. Thermodynamic efficiency of information and heat flow Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, 2009(09):P09011, September 2009 (article)

Jäkel, F., Schölkopf, B., Wichmann, F.

Does Cognitive Science Need Kernels?

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(9):381-388, September 2009 (article)

Abstract

Kernel methods are among the most successful tools in machine learning and are used in challenging data analysis problems in many disciplines. Here we provide examples where kernel methods have proven to be powerful tools for analyzing behavioral data, especially for identifying features in categorization experiments. We also demonstrate that kernel methods relate to perceptrons and exemplar models of categorization. Hence, we argue that kernel methods have neural and psychological plausibility, and theoretical results concerning their behavior are therefore potentially relevant for human category learning. In particular, we believe kernel methods have the potential to provide explanations ranging from the implementational via the algorithmic to the computational level.

ei Jäkel, F., Schölkopf, B., Wichmann, F. Does Cognitive Science Need Kernels? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(9):381-388, September 2009 (article)