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154 results (View BibTeX file of all listed publications)

2018

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Deep Inertial Poser: Learning to Reconstruct Human Pose from Sparse Inertial Measurements in Real Time

Huang, Y., Kaufmann, M., Aksan, E., Black, M. J., Hilliges, O., Pons-Moll, G.

ACM Transactions on Graphics, (Proc. SIGGRAPH Asia), 37, pages: 185:1-185:15, ACM, November 2018, Two first authors contributed equally (article)

Abstract
We demonstrate a novel deep neural network capable of reconstructing human full body pose in real-time from 6 Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) worn on the user's body. In doing so, we address several difficult challenges. First, the problem is severely under-constrained as multiple pose parameters produce the same IMU orientations. Second, capturing IMU data in conjunction with ground-truth poses is expensive and difficult to do in many target application scenarios (e.g., outdoors). Third, modeling temporal dependencies through non-linear optimization has proven effective in prior work but makes real-time prediction infeasible. To address this important limitation, we learn the temporal pose priors using deep learning. To learn from sufficient data, we synthesize IMU data from motion capture datasets. A bi-directional RNN architecture leverages past and future information that is available at training time. At test time, we deploy the network in a sliding window fashion, retaining real time capabilities. To evaluate our method, we recorded DIP-IMU, a dataset consisting of 10 subjects wearing 17 IMUs for validation in 64 sequences with 330,000 time instants; this constitutes the largest IMU dataset publicly available. We quantitatively evaluate our approach on multiple datasets and show results from a real-time implementation. DIP-IMU and the code are available for research purposes.

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data code pdf preprint video DOI Project Page [BibTex]

2018

ps Huang, Y., Kaufmann, M., Aksan, E., Black, M. J., Hilliges, O., Pons-Moll, G. Deep Inertial Poser: Learning to Reconstruct Human Pose from Sparse Inertial Measurements in Real Time ACM Transactions on Graphics, (Proc. SIGGRAPH Asia), 37, pages: 185:1-185:15, ACM, November 2018, Two first authors contributed equally (article)

data code pdf preprint video DOI Project Page [BibTex]

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Deep Neural Network-based Cooperative Visual Tracking through Multiple Micro Aerial Vehicles

Price, E., Lawless, G., Ludwig, R., Martinovic, I., Buelthoff, H. H., Black, M. J., Ahmad, A.

IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, Robotics and Automation Letters, 3(4):3193-3200, IEEE, October 2018, Also accepted and presented in the 2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). (article)

Abstract
Multi-camera tracking of humans and animals in outdoor environments is a relevant and challenging problem. Our approach to it involves a team of cooperating micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) with on-board cameras only. DNNs often fail at objects with small scale or far away from the camera, which are typical characteristics of a scenario with aerial robots. Thus, the core problem addressed in this paper is how to achieve on-board, online, continuous and accurate vision-based detections using DNNs for visual person tracking through MAVs. Our solution leverages cooperation among multiple MAVs and active selection of most informative regions of image. We demonstrate the efficiency of our approach through simulations with up to 16 robots and real robot experiments involving two aerial robots tracking a person, while maintaining an active perception-driven formation. ROS-based source code is provided for the benefit of the community.

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Published Version link (url) DOI [BibTex]

ps Price, E., Lawless, G., Ludwig, R., Martinovic, I., Buelthoff, H. H., Black, M. J., Ahmad, A. Deep Neural Network-based Cooperative Visual Tracking through Multiple Micro Aerial Vehicles IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, Robotics and Automation Letters, 3(4):3193-3200, IEEE, October 2018, Also accepted and presented in the 2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). (article)

Published Version link (url) DOI [BibTex]

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Softness, Warmth, and Responsiveness Improve Robot Hugs

Block, A. E., Kuchenbecker, K. J.

International Journal of Social Robotics, 11(1):49-64, October 2018 (article)

Abstract
Hugs are one of the first forms of contact and affection humans experience. Due to their prevalence and health benefits, roboticists are naturally interested in having robots one day hug humans as seamlessly as humans hug other humans. This project's purpose is to evaluate human responses to different robot physical characteristics and hugging behaviors. Specifically, we aim to test the hypothesis that a soft, warm, touch-sensitive PR2 humanoid robot can provide humans with satisfying hugs by matching both their hugging pressure and their hugging duration. Thirty relatively young and rather technical participants experienced and evaluated twelve hugs with the robot, divided into three randomly ordered trials that focused on physical robot characteristics (single factor, three levels) and nine randomly ordered trials with low, medium, and high hug pressure and duration (two factors, three levels each). Analysis of the results showed that people significantly prefer soft, warm hugs over hard, cold hugs. Furthermore, users prefer hugs that physically squeeze them and release immediately when they are ready for the hug to end. Taking part in the experiment also significantly increased positive user opinions of robots and robot use.

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link (url) DOI Project Page [BibTex]

hi Block, A. E., Kuchenbecker, K. J. Softness, Warmth, and Responsiveness Improve Robot Hugs International Journal of Social Robotics, 11(1):49-64, October 2018 (article)

link (url) DOI Project Page [BibTex]

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First Impressions of Personality Traits From Body Shapes

Hu, Y., Parde, C. J., Hill, M. Q., Mahmood, N., O’Toole, A. J.

Psychological Science, 29(12):1969-–1983, October 2018 (article)

Abstract
People infer the personalities of others from their facial appearance. Whether they do so from body shapes is less studied. We explored personality inferences made from body shapes. Participants rated personality traits for male and female bodies generated with a three-dimensional body model. Multivariate spaces created from these ratings indicated that people evaluate bodies on valence and agency in ways that directly contrast positive and negative traits from the Big Five domains. Body-trait stereotypes based on the trait ratings revealed a myriad of diverse body shapes that typify individual traits. Personality-trait profiles were predicted reliably from a subset of the body-shape features used to specify the three-dimensional bodies. Body features related to extraversion and conscientiousness were predicted with the highest consensus, followed by openness traits. This study provides the first comprehensive look at the range, diversity, and reliability of personality inferences that people make from body shapes.

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publisher site pdf DOI [BibTex]

ps Hu, Y., Parde, C. J., Hill, M. Q., Mahmood, N., O’Toole, A. J. First Impressions of Personality Traits From Body Shapes Psychological Science, 29(12):1969-–1983, October 2018 (article)

publisher site pdf DOI [BibTex]

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Visual Perception and Evaluation of Photo-Realistic Self-Avatars From 3D Body Scans in Males and Females

Thaler, A., Piryankova, I., Stefanucci, J. K., Pujades, S., de la Rosa, S., Streuber, S., Romero, J., Black, M. J., Mohler, B. J.

Frontiers in ICT, 5, pages: 1-14, September 2018 (article)

Abstract
The creation or streaming of photo-realistic self-avatars is important for virtual reality applications that aim for perception and action to replicate real world experience. The appearance and recognition of a digital self-avatar may be especially important for applications related to telepresence, embodied virtual reality, or immersive games. We investigated gender differences in the use of visual cues (shape, texture) of a self-avatar for estimating body weight and evaluating avatar appearance. A full-body scanner was used to capture each participant's body geometry and color information and a set of 3D virtual avatars with realistic weight variations was created based on a statistical body model. Additionally, a second set of avatars was created with an average underlying body shape matched to each participant’s height and weight. In four sets of psychophysical experiments, the influence of visual cues on the accuracy of body weight estimation and the sensitivity to weight changes was assessed by manipulating body shape (own, average) and texture (own photo-realistic, checkerboard). The avatars were presented on a large-screen display, and participants responded to whether the avatar's weight corresponded to their own weight. Participants also adjusted the avatar's weight to their desired weight and evaluated the avatar's appearance with regard to similarity to their own body, uncanniness, and their willingness to accept it as a digital representation of the self. The results of the psychophysical experiments revealed no gender difference in the accuracy of estimating body weight in avatars. However, males accepted a larger weight range of the avatars as corresponding to their own. In terms of the ideal body weight, females but not males desired a thinner body. With regard to the evaluation of avatar appearance, the questionnaire responses suggest that own photo-realistic texture was more important to males for higher similarity ratings, while own body shape seemed to be more important to females. These results argue for gender-specific considerations when creating self-avatars.

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pdf DOI [BibTex]

ps Thaler, A., Piryankova, I., Stefanucci, J. K., Pujades, S., de la Rosa, S., Streuber, S., Romero, J., Black, M. J., Mohler, B. J. Visual Perception and Evaluation of Photo-Realistic Self-Avatars From 3D Body Scans in Males and Females Frontiers in ICT, 5, pages: 1-14, September 2018 (article)

pdf DOI [BibTex]

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Complexity, Rate, and Scale in Sliding Friction Dynamics Between a Finger and Textured Surface

Khojasteh, B., Janko, M., Visell, Y.

Nature Scientific Reports, 8(13710), September 2018 (article)

Abstract
Sliding friction between the skin and a touched surface is highly complex, but lies at the heart of our ability to discriminate surface texture through touch. Prior research has elucidated neural mechanisms of tactile texture perception, but our understanding of the nonlinear dynamics of frictional sliding between the finger and textured surfaces, with which the neural signals that encode texture originate, is incomplete. To address this, we compared measurements from human fingertips sliding against textured counter surfaces with predictions of numerical simulations of a model finger that resembled a real finger, with similar geometry, tissue heterogeneity, hyperelasticity, and interfacial adhesion. Modeled and measured forces exhibited similar complex, nonlinear sliding friction dynamics, force fluctuations, and prominent regularities related to the surface geometry. We comparatively analysed measured and simulated forces patterns in matched conditions using linear and nonlinear methods, including recurrence analysis. The model had greatest predictive power for faster sliding and for surface textures with length scales greater than about one millimeter. This could be attributed to the the tendency of sliding at slower speeds, or on finer surfaces, to complexly engage fine features of skin or surface, such as fingerprints or surface asperities. The results elucidate the dynamical forces felt during tactile exploration and highlight the challenges involved in the biological perception of surface texture via touch.

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DOI [BibTex]

hi Khojasteh, B., Janko, M., Visell, Y. Complexity, Rate, and Scale in Sliding Friction Dynamics Between a Finger and Textured Surface Nature Scientific Reports, 8(13710), September 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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A Robust Soft Lens for Tunable Camera Application Using Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

Nam, S., Yun, S., Yoon, J. W., Park, S., Park, S. K., Mun, S., Park, B., Kyung, K.

Soft robotics, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., August 2018 (article)

Abstract
Developing tunable lenses, an expansion-based mechanism for dynamic focus adjustment can provide a larger focal length tuning range than a contraction-based mechanism. Here, we develop an expansion-tunable soft lens module using a disk-type dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) that creates axially symmetric pulling forces on a soft lens. Adopted from a biological accommodation mechanism in human eyes, a soft lens at the annular center of a disk-type DEA pair is efficiently stretched to change the focal length in a highly reliable manner. A soft lens with a diameter of 3mm shows a 65.7% change in the focal length (14.3–23.7mm) under a dynamic driving voltage signal control. We confirm a quadratic relation between lens expansion and focal length that leads to large focal length tunability obtainable in the proposed approach. The fabricated tunable lens module can be used for soft, lightweight, and compact vision components in robots, drones, vehicles, and so on.

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link (url) DOI [BibTex]

hi Nam, S., Yun, S., Yoon, J. W., Park, S., Park, S. K., Mun, S., Park, B., Kyung, K. A Robust Soft Lens for Tunable Camera Application Using Dielectric Elastomer Actuators Soft robotics, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., August 2018 (article)

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

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Task-Driven PCA-Based Design Optimization of Wearable Cutaneous Devices

Pacchierotti, C., Young, E. M., Kuchenbecker, K. J.

IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, 3(3):2214-2221, July 2018, Presented at ICRA 2018 (article)

Abstract
Small size and low weight are critical requirements for wearable and portable haptic interfaces, making it essential to work toward the optimization of their sensing and actuation systems. This paper presents a new approach for task-driven design optimization of fingertip cutaneous haptic devices. Given one (or more) target tactile interactions to render and a cutaneous device to optimize, we evaluate the minimum number and best configuration of the device’s actuators to minimize the estimated haptic rendering error. First, we calculate the motion needed for the original cutaneous device to render the considered target interaction. Then, we run a principal component analysis (PCA) to search for possible couplings between the original motor inputs, looking also for the best way to reconfigure them. If some couplings exist, we can re-design our cutaneous device with fewer motors, optimally configured to render the target tactile sensation. The proposed approach is quite general and can be applied to different tactile sensors and cutaneous devices. We validated it using a BioTac tactile sensor and custom plate-based 3-DoF and 6-DoF fingertip cutaneous devices, considering six representative target tactile interactions. The algorithm was able to find couplings between each device’s motor inputs, proving it to be a viable approach to optimize the design of wearable and portable cutaneous devices. Finally, we present two examples of optimized designs for our 3-DoF fingertip cutaneous device.

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link (url) DOI [BibTex]

hi Pacchierotti, C., Young, E. M., Kuchenbecker, K. J. Task-Driven PCA-Based Design Optimization of Wearable Cutaneous Devices IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, 3(3):2214-2221, July 2018, Presented at ICRA 2018 (article)

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

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Robust Physics-based Motion Retargeting with Realistic Body Shapes

Borno, M. A., Righetti, L., Black, M. J., Delp, S. L., Fiume, E., Romero, J.

Computer Graphics Forum, 37, pages: 6:1-12, July 2018 (article)

Abstract
Motion capture is often retargeted to new, and sometimes drastically different, characters. When the characters take on realistic human shapes, however, we become more sensitive to the motion looking right. This means adapting it to be consistent with the physical constraints imposed by different body shapes. We show how to take realistic 3D human shapes, approximate them using a simplified representation, and animate them so that they move realistically using physically-based retargeting. We develop a novel spacetime optimization approach that learns and robustly adapts physical controllers to new bodies and constraints. The approach automatically adapts the motion of the mocap subject to the body shape of a target subject. This motion respects the physical properties of the new body and every body shape results in a different and appropriate movement. This makes it easy to create a varied set of motions from a single mocap sequence by simply varying the characters. In an interactive environment, successful retargeting requires adapting the motion to unexpected external forces. We achieve robustness to such forces using a novel LQR-tree formulation. We show that the simulated motions look appropriate to each character’s anatomy and their actions are robust to perturbations.

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pdf video Project Page Project Page [BibTex]

mg ps Borno, M. A., Righetti, L., Black, M. J., Delp, S. L., Fiume, E., Romero, J. Robust Physics-based Motion Retargeting with Realistic Body Shapes Computer Graphics Forum, 37, pages: 6:1-12, July 2018 (article)

pdf video Project Page Project Page [BibTex]

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Teaching a Robot Bimanual Hand-Clapping Games via Wrist-Worn IMUs

Fitter, N. T., Kuchenbecker, K. J.

Frontiers in Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, 5(85), July 2018 (article)

Abstract
Colleagues often shake hands in greeting, friends connect through high fives, and children around the world rejoice in hand-clapping games. As robots become more common in everyday human life, they will have the opportunity to join in these social-physical interactions, but few current robots are intended to touch people in friendly ways. This article describes how we enabled a Baxter Research Robot to both teach and learn bimanual hand-clapping games with a human partner. Our system monitors the user's motions via a pair of inertial measurement units (IMUs) worn on the wrists. We recorded a labeled library of 10 common hand-clapping movements from 10 participants; this dataset was used to train an SVM classifier to automatically identify hand-clapping motions from previously unseen participants with a test-set classification accuracy of 97.0%. Baxter uses these sensors and this classifier to quickly identify the motions of its human gameplay partner, so that it can join in hand-clapping games. This system was evaluated by N = 24 naïve users in an experiment that involved learning sequences of eight motions from Baxter, teaching Baxter eight-motion game patterns, and completing a free interaction period. The motion classification accuracy in this less structured setting was 85.9%, primarily due to unexpected variations in motion timing. The quantitative task performance results and qualitative participant survey responses showed that learning games from Baxter was significantly easier than teaching games to Baxter, and that the teaching role caused users to consider more teamwork aspects of the gameplay. Over the course of the experiment, people felt more understood by Baxter and became more willing to follow the example of the robot. Users felt uniformly safe interacting with Baxter, and they expressed positive opinions of Baxter and reported fun interacting with the robot. Taken together, the results indicate that this robot achieved credible social-physical interaction with humans and that its ability to both lead and follow systematically changed the human partner's experience.

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DOI [BibTex]

hi Fitter, N. T., Kuchenbecker, K. J. Teaching a Robot Bimanual Hand-Clapping Games via Wrist-Worn IMUs Frontiers in Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, 5(85), July 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Oncilla robot: a versatile open-source quadruped research robot with compliant pantograph legs

Sproewitz, A., Tuleu, A., Ajallooeian, M., Vespignani, M., Moeckel, R., Eckert, P., D’Haene, M., Degrave, J., Nordmann, A., Schrauwen, B., Steil, J., Ijspeert, A. J.

Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 5(67), June 2018, arXiv: 1803.06259 (article)

Abstract
We present Oncilla robot, a novel mobile, quadruped legged locomotion machine. This large-cat sized, 5.1 robot is one of a kind of a recent, bioinspired legged robot class designed with the capability of model-free locomotion control. Animal legged locomotion in rough terrain is clearly shaped by sensor feedback systems. Results with Oncilla robot show that agile and versatile locomotion is possible without sensory signals to some extend, and tracking becomes robust when feedback control is added (Ajaoolleian 2015). By incorporating mechanical and control blueprints inspired from animals, and by observing the resulting robot locomotion characteristics, we aim to understand the contribution of individual components. Legged robots have a wide mechanical and control design parameter space, and a unique potential as research tools to investigate principles of biomechanics and legged locomotion control. But the hardware and controller design can be a steep initial hurdle for academic research. To facilitate the easy start and development of legged robots, Oncilla-robot's blueprints are available through open-source. [...]

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link (url) DOI Project Page [BibTex]

dlg Sproewitz, A., Tuleu, A., Ajallooeian, M., Vespignani, M., Moeckel, R., Eckert, P., D’Haene, M., Degrave, J., Nordmann, A., Schrauwen, B., Steil, J., Ijspeert, A. J. Oncilla robot: a versatile open-source quadruped research robot with compliant pantograph legs Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 5(67), June 2018, arXiv: 1803.06259 (article)

link (url) DOI Project Page [BibTex]

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Impact of Trunk Orientation for Dynamic Bipedal Locomotion

Drama, O.

Dynamic Walking Conference, May 2018 (talk)

Abstract
Impact of trunk orientation for dynamic bipedal locomotion My research revolves around investigating the functional demands of bipedal running, with focus on stabilizing trunk orientation. When we think about postural stability, there are two critical questions we need to answer: What are the necessary and sufficient conditions to achieve and maintain trunk stability? I am concentrating on how morphology affects control strategies in achieving trunk stability. In particular, I denote the trunk pitch as the predominant morphology parameter and explore the requirements it imposes on a chosen control strategy. To analyze this, I use a spring loaded inverted pendulum model extended with a rigid trunk, which is actuated by a hip motor. The challenge for the controller design here is to have a single hip actuator to achieve two coupled tasks of moving the legs to generate motion and stabilizing the trunk. I enforce orthograde and pronograde postures and aim to identify the effect of these trunk orientations on the hip torque and ground reaction profiles for different control strategies.

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Impact of trunk orientation for dynamic bipedal locomotion [DW 2018] link (url) Project Page [BibTex]

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Automatically Rating Trainee Skill at a Pediatric Laparoscopic Suturing Task

Oquendo, Y. A., Riddle, E. W., Hiller, D., Blinman, T. A., Kuchenbecker, K. J.

Surgical Endoscopy, 32(4):1840-1857, April 2018 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

hi Oquendo, Y. A., Riddle, E. W., Hiller, D., Blinman, T. A., Kuchenbecker, K. J. Automatically Rating Trainee Skill at a Pediatric Laparoscopic Suturing Task Surgical Endoscopy, 32(4):1840-1857, April 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Assessing body image in anorexia nervosa using biometric self-avatars in virtual reality: Attitudinal components rather than visual body size estimation are distorted

Mölbert, S. C., Thaler, A., Mohler, B. J., Streuber, S., Romero, J., Black, M. J., Zipfel, S., Karnath, H., Giel, K. E.

Psychological Medicine, 48(4):642-653, March 2018 (article)

Abstract
Background: Body image disturbance (BID) is a core symptom of anorexia nervosa (AN), but as yet distinctive features of BID are unknown. The present study aimed at disentangling perceptual and attitudinal components of BID in AN. Methods: We investigated n=24 women with AN and n=24 controls. Based on a 3D body scan, we created realistic virtual 3D bodies (avatars) for each participant that were varied through a range of ±20% of the participants' weights. Avatars were presented in a virtual reality mirror scenario. Using different psychophysical tasks, participants identified and adjusted their actual and their desired body weight. To test for general perceptual biases in estimating body weight, a second experiment investigated perception of weight and shape matched avatars with another identity. Results: Women with AN and controls underestimated their weight, with a trend that women with AN underestimated more. The average desired body of controls had normal weight while the average desired weight of women with AN corresponded to extreme AN (DSM-5). Correlation analyses revealed that desired body weight, but not accuracy of weight estimation, was associated with eating disorder symptoms. In the second experiment, both groups estimated accurately while the most attractive body was similar to Experiment 1. Conclusions: Our results contradict the widespread assumption that patients with AN overestimate their body weight due to visual distortions. Rather, they illustrate that BID might be driven by distorted attitudes with regard to the desired body. Clinical interventions should aim at helping patients with AN to change their desired weight.

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doi pdf DOI Project Page [BibTex]

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Electro-Active Polymer Based Soft Tactile Interface for Wearable Devices

Mun, S., Yun, S., Nam, S., Park, S. K., Park, S., Park, B. J., Lim, J. M., Kyung, K. U.

IEEE Transactions on Haptics, 11(1):15-21, Febuary 2018 (article)

Abstract
This paper reports soft actuator based tactile stimulation interfaces applicable to wearable devices. The soft actuator is prepared by multi-layered accumulation of thin electro-active polymer (EAP) films. The multi-layered actuator is designed to produce electrically-induced convex protrusive deformation, which can be dynamically programmable for wide range of tactile stimuli. The maximum vertical protrusion is 650 μm and the output force is up to 255 mN. The soft actuators are embedded into the fingertip part of a glove and front part of a forearm band, respectively. We have conducted two kinds of experiments with 15 subjects. Perceived magnitudes of actuator's protrusion and vibrotactile intensity were measured with frequency of 1 Hz and 191 Hz, respectively. Analysis of the user tests shows participants perceive variation of protrusion height at the finger pad and modulation of vibration intensity through the proposed soft actuator based tactile interface.

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link (url) DOI [BibTex]

hi Mun, S., Yun, S., Nam, S., Park, S. K., Park, S., Park, B. J., Lim, J. M., Kyung, K. U. Electro-Active Polymer Based Soft Tactile Interface for Wearable Devices IEEE Transactions on Haptics, 11(1):15-21, Febuary 2018 (article)

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

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Body size estimation of self and others in females varying in BMI

Thaler, A., Geuss, M. N., Mölbert, S. C., Giel, K. E., Streuber, S., Romero, J., Black, M. J., Mohler, B. J.

PLoS ONE, 13(2), Febuary 2018 (article)

Abstract
Previous literature suggests that a disturbed ability to accurately identify own body size may contribute to overweight. Here, we investigated the influence of personal body size, indexed by body mass index (BMI), on body size estimation in a non-clinical population of females varying in BMI. We attempted to disentangle general biases in body size estimates and attitudinal influences by manipulating whether participants believed the body stimuli (personalized avatars with realistic weight variations) represented their own body or that of another person. Our results show that the accuracy of own body size estimation is predicted by personal BMI, such that participants with lower BMI underestimated their body size and participants with higher BMI overestimated their body size. Further, participants with higher BMI were less likely to notice the same percentage of weight gain than participants with lower BMI. Importantly, these results were only apparent when participants were judging a virtual body that was their own identity (Experiment 1), but not when they estimated the size of a body with another identity and the same underlying body shape (Experiment 2a). The different influences of BMI on accuracy of body size estimation and sensitivity to weight change for self and other identity suggests that effects of BMI on visual body size estimation are self-specific and not generalizable to other bodies.

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pdf DOI Project Page [BibTex]

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Robotic Motion Learning Framework to Promote Social Engagement

Burns, R., Jeon, M., Park, C. H.

Applied Sciences, 8(2):241, Febuary 2018, Special Issue "Social Robotics" (article)

Abstract
Imitation is a powerful component of communication between people, and it poses an important implication in improving the quality of interaction in the field of human–robot interaction (HRI). This paper discusses a novel framework designed to improve human–robot interaction through robotic imitation of a participant’s gestures. In our experiment, a humanoid robotic agent socializes with and plays games with a participant. For the experimental group, the robot additionally imitates one of the participant’s novel gestures during a play session. We hypothesize that the robot’s use of imitation will increase the participant’s openness towards engaging with the robot. Experimental results from a user study of 12 subjects show that post-imitation, experimental subjects displayed a more positive emotional state, had higher instances of mood contagion towards the robot, and interpreted the robot to have a higher level of autonomy than their control group counterparts did. These results point to an increased participant interest in engagement fueled by personalized imitation during interaction.

hi

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

hi Burns, R., Jeon, M., Park, C. H. Robotic Motion Learning Framework to Promote Social Engagement Applied Sciences, 8(2):241, Febuary 2018, Special Issue "Social Robotics" (article)

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

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Transmission x-ray microscopy at low temperatures: Irregular supercurrent flow at small length scales

Simmendinger, J., Ruoss, S., Stahl, C., Weigand, M., Gräfe, J., Schütz, G., Albrecht, J.

{Physical Review B}, 97(13), American Physical Society, Woodbury, NY, 2018 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Simmendinger, J., Ruoss, S., Stahl, C., Weigand, M., Gräfe, J., Schütz, G., Albrecht, J. Transmission x-ray microscopy at low temperatures: Irregular supercurrent flow at small length scales {Physical Review B}, 97(13), American Physical Society, Woodbury, NY, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Immersive Low-Cost Virtual Reality Treatment for Phantom Limb Pain: Evidence from Two Cases

Ambron, E., Miller, A., Kuchenbecker, K. J., Buxbaum, L. J., Coslett, H. B.

Frontiers in Neurology, 9(67):1-7, 2018 (article)

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DOI Project Page [BibTex]

hi Ambron, E., Miller, A., Kuchenbecker, K. J., Buxbaum, L. J., Coslett, H. B. Immersive Low-Cost Virtual Reality Treatment for Phantom Limb Pain: Evidence from Two Cases Frontiers in Neurology, 9(67):1-7, 2018 (article)

DOI Project Page [BibTex]

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Assessment methodology of promising porous materials for near ambient temperature hydrogen storage applications

Minuto, F. D., Balderas-Xicohténcatl, R., Policicchio, A., Hirscher, M., Agostino, R. G.

{International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, 43(31):14550-14556, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2018 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Minuto, F. D., Balderas-Xicohténcatl, R., Policicchio, A., Hirscher, M., Agostino, R. G. Assessment methodology of promising porous materials for near ambient temperature hydrogen storage applications {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, 43(31):14550-14556, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Incorporation of Terbium into a Microalga Leads to Magnetotactic Swimmers

Santomauro, G., Singh, A., Park, B. W., Mohammadrahimi, M., Erkoc, P., Goering, E., Schütz, G., Sitti, M., Bill, J.

Advanced Biosystems, 2(12):1800039, 2018 (article)

mms pi

[BibTex]

mms pi Santomauro, G., Singh, A., Park, B. W., Mohammadrahimi, M., Erkoc, P., Goering, E., Schütz, G., Sitti, M., Bill, J. Incorporation of Terbium into a Microalga Leads to Magnetotactic Swimmers Advanced Biosystems, 2(12):1800039, 2018 (article)

[BibTex]

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Thermodynamics, kinetics and selectivity of H2 and D2 on zeolite 5A below 77K

Xiong, R., Balderas-Xicohténcatl, R., Zhang, L., Li, P., Yao, Y., Sang, G., Chen, C., Tang, T., Luo, D., Hirscher, M.

{Microporous and Mesoporous Materials}, 264, pages: 22-27, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2018 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Xiong, R., Balderas-Xicohténcatl, R., Zhang, L., Li, P., Yao, Y., Sang, G., Chen, C., Tang, T., Luo, D., Hirscher, M. Thermodynamics, kinetics and selectivity of H2 and D2 on zeolite 5A below 77K {Microporous and Mesoporous Materials}, 264, pages: 22-27, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Volumetric hydrogen storage capacity in metal-organic frameworks

Balderas-Xicohténcatl, R., Schlichtenmayer, M., Hirscher, M.

{Energy Technology}, 6(3):578-582, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Balderas-Xicohténcatl, R., Schlichtenmayer, M., Hirscher, M. Volumetric hydrogen storage capacity in metal-organic frameworks {Energy Technology}, 6(3):578-582, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

Thumb xl yanzhang clustering
Temporal Human Action Segmentation via Dynamic Clustering

Zhang, Y., Sun, H., Tang, S., Neumann, H.

arXiv preprint arXiv:1803.05790, 2018 (article)

Abstract
We present an effective dynamic clustering algorithm for the task of temporal human action segmentation, which has comprehensive applications such as robotics, motion analysis, and patient monitoring. Our proposed algorithm is unsupervised, fast, generic to process various types of features, and applica- ble in both the online and offline settings. We perform extensive experiments of processing data streams, and show that our algorithm achieves the state-of- the-art results for both online and offline settings.

ps

link (url) [BibTex]

ps Zhang, Y., Sun, H., Tang, S., Neumann, H. Temporal Human Action Segmentation via Dynamic Clustering arXiv preprint arXiv:1803.05790, 2018 (article)

link (url) [BibTex]

Thumb xl motion segmentation tracking clustering teaser
Motion Segmentation & Multiple Object Tracking by Correlation Co-Clustering

Keuper, M., Tang, S., Andres, B., Brox, T., Schiele, B.

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2018 (article)

ps

pdf DOI Project Page [BibTex]

ps Keuper, M., Tang, S., Andres, B., Brox, T., Schiele, B. Motion Segmentation & Multiple Object Tracking by Correlation Co-Clustering IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2018 (article)

pdf DOI Project Page [BibTex]

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3D nanoprinted plastic kinoform x-ray optics

Sanli, U. T., Ceylan, H., Bykova, I., Weigand, M., Sitti, M., Schütz, G., Keskinbora, K.

{Advanced Materials}, 30(36), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018 (article)

mms pi

DOI [BibTex]

mms pi Sanli, U. T., Ceylan, H., Bykova, I., Weigand, M., Sitti, M., Schütz, G., Keskinbora, K. 3D nanoprinted plastic kinoform x-ray optics {Advanced Materials}, 30(36), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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High volumetric hydrogen storage capacity using interpenetrated metal-organic frameworks

Balderas-Xicohténcatl, R., Schmieder, P., Denysenko, D., Volkmer, D., Hirscher, M.

{Energy Technology}, 6(3):510-512, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Balderas-Xicohténcatl, R., Schmieder, P., Denysenko, D., Volkmer, D., Hirscher, M. High volumetric hydrogen storage capacity using interpenetrated metal-organic frameworks {Energy Technology}, 6(3):510-512, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

Thumb xl screen shot 2018 05 04 at 11.47.54
Tactile Masking by Electrovibration

Vardar, Y., Güçlü, B., Basdogan, C.

IEEE Transactions on Haptics, 11(4):623-635, 2018 (article)

Abstract
Future touch screen applications will include multiple tactile stimuli displayed simultaneously or consecutively to single finger or multiple fingers. These applications should be designed by considering human tactile masking mechanism since it is known that presenting one stimulus may interfere with the perception of the other. In this study, we investigate the effect of masking on tactile perception of electrovibration displayed on touch screens. Through conducting psychophysical experiments with nine subjects, we measured the masked thresholds of sinusoidal electrovibration bursts (125 Hz) under two masking conditions: simultaneous and pedestal. The masking stimuli were noise bursts, applied at five different sensation levels varying from 2 to 22 dB SL, also presented by electrovibration. For each subject, the detection thresholds were elevated as linear functions of masking levels for both masking types. We observed that the masking effectiveness was larger with pedestal masking than simultaneous masking. Moreover, in order to investigate the effect of tactile masking on our haptic perception of edge sharpness, we compared the perceived sharpness of edges separating two textured regions displayed with and without various masking stimuli. Our results suggest that sharpness perception depends on the local contrast between background and foreground stimuli, which varies as a function of masking amplitude and activation levels of frequency-dependent psychophysical channels.

hi

vardar_toh2018 DOI [BibTex]

hi Vardar, Y., Güçlü, B., Basdogan, C. Tactile Masking by Electrovibration IEEE Transactions on Haptics, 11(4):623-635, 2018 (article)

vardar_toh2018 DOI [BibTex]

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Thick permalloy films for the imaging of spin texture dynamics in perpendicularly magnetized systems

Finizio, S., Wintz, S., Bracher, D., Kirk, E., Semisalova, A. S., Förster, J., Zeissler, K., We\ssels, T., Weigand, M., Lenz, K., Kleibert, A., Raabe, J.

{Physical Review B}, 98(10), American Physical Society, Woodbury, NY, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Finizio, S., Wintz, S., Bracher, D., Kirk, E., Semisalova, A. S., Förster, J., Zeissler, K., We\ssels, T., Weigand, M., Lenz, K., Kleibert, A., Raabe, J. Thick permalloy films for the imaging of spin texture dynamics in perpendicularly magnetized systems {Physical Review B}, 98(10), American Physical Society, Woodbury, NY, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

no image
Dynamic Janus metasurfaces in the visible spectral region

Yu, P., Li, J., Zhang, S., Jin, Z., Schütz, G., Qiu, C., Hirscher, M., Liu, N.

{Nano Letters}, 18(7):4584-4589, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Yu, P., Li, J., Zhang, S., Jin, Z., Schütz, G., Qiu, C., Hirscher, M., Liu, N. Dynamic Janus metasurfaces in the visible spectral region {Nano Letters}, 18(7):4584-4589, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Review of ultrafast demagnetization after femtosecond laser pulses: A complex interaction of light with quantum matter

Fähnle, M., Haag, M., Illg, C., Müller, B. Y., Weng, W., Tsatsoulis, T., Huang, H., Briones Paz, J. Z., Teeny, N., Zhang, L., Kuhn, T.

{American Journal of Modern Physics}, 7(2):68-74, Science Publishing Group, New York, NY, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Fähnle, M., Haag, M., Illg, C., Müller, B. Y., Weng, W., Tsatsoulis, T., Huang, H., Briones Paz, J. Z., Teeny, N., Zhang, L., Kuhn, T. Review of ultrafast demagnetization after femtosecond laser pulses: A complex interaction of light with quantum matter {American Journal of Modern Physics}, 7(2):68-74, Science Publishing Group, New York, NY, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Direct observation of Zhang-Li torque expansion of magnetic droplet solitons

Chung, S., Tuan Le, Q., Ahlberg, M., Awad, A. A., Weigand, M., Bykova, I., Khymyn, R., Dvornik, M., Mazraati, H., Houshang, A., Jiang, S., Nguyen, T. N. A., Goering, E., Schütz, G., Gräfe, J., \AAkerman, J.

{Physical Review Letters}, 120(21), American Physical Society, Woodbury, N.Y., 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Chung, S., Tuan Le, Q., Ahlberg, M., Awad, A. A., Weigand, M., Bykova, I., Khymyn, R., Dvornik, M., Mazraati, H., Houshang, A., Jiang, S., Nguyen, T. N. A., Goering, E., Schütz, G., Gräfe, J., \AAkerman, J. Direct observation of Zhang-Li torque expansion of magnetic droplet solitons {Physical Review Letters}, 120(21), American Physical Society, Woodbury, N.Y., 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Current-induced skyrmion generation through morphological thermal transitions in chiral ferromagnetic heterostructures

Lemesh, I., Litzius, K., Böttcher, M., Bassirian, P., Kerber, N., Heinze, D., Zázvorka, J., Büttner, F., Caretta, L., Mann, M., Weigand, M., Finizio, S., Raabe, J., Im, M., Stoll, H., Schütz, G., Dupé, B., Kläui, M., Beach, G. S. D.

{Advanced Materials}, 30(49), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Lemesh, I., Litzius, K., Böttcher, M., Bassirian, P., Kerber, N., Heinze, D., Zázvorka, J., Büttner, F., Caretta, L., Mann, M., Weigand, M., Finizio, S., Raabe, J., Im, M., Stoll, H., Schütz, G., Dupé, B., Kläui, M., Beach, G. S. D. Current-induced skyrmion generation through morphological thermal transitions in chiral ferromagnetic heterostructures {Advanced Materials}, 30(49), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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3d nanofabrication of high-resolution multilayer Fresnel zone plates

Sanli, U. T., Jiao, C., Baluktsian, M., Grévent, C., Hahn, K., Wang, Y., Srot, V., Richter, G., Bykova, I., Weigand, M., Schütz, G., Keskinbora, K.

{Advanced Science}, 5(9), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Sanli, U. T., Jiao, C., Baluktsian, M., Grévent, C., Hahn, K., Wang, Y., Srot, V., Richter, G., Bykova, I., Weigand, M., Schütz, G., Keskinbora, K. 3d nanofabrication of high-resolution multilayer Fresnel zone plates {Advanced Science}, 5(9), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Photocatalytic CO2 reduction by Cr-substituted Ba2(In2-xCrx)O5\mbox⋅(H2O)δ(0.04 ≤x ≤0.60)

Yoon, S., Gaul, M., Sharma, S., Son, K., Hagemann, H., Ziegenbalg, D., Schwingenschlogl, U., Widenmeyer, M., Weidenkaff, A.

{Solid State Sciences}, 78, pages: 22-29, Elsevier Masson SAS, Paris, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Yoon, S., Gaul, M., Sharma, S., Son, K., Hagemann, H., Ziegenbalg, D., Schwingenschlogl, U., Widenmeyer, M., Weidenkaff, A. Photocatalytic CO2 reduction by Cr-substituted Ba2(In2-xCrx)O5\mbox⋅(H2O)δ(0.04 ≤x ≤0.60) {Solid State Sciences}, 78, pages: 22-29, Elsevier Masson SAS, Paris, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Correction of axial position uncertainty and systematic detector errors in ptychographic diffraction imaging

Loetgering, L., Rose, M., Keskinbora, K., Baluktsian, M., Dogan, G., Sanli, U., Bykova, I., Weigand, M., Schütz, G., Wilhein, T.

{Optical Engineering}, 57(8), The Society, Redondo Beach, Calif., 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Loetgering, L., Rose, M., Keskinbora, K., Baluktsian, M., Dogan, G., Sanli, U., Bykova, I., Weigand, M., Schütz, G., Wilhein, T. Correction of axial position uncertainty and systematic detector errors in ptychographic diffraction imaging {Optical Engineering}, 57(8), The Society, Redondo Beach, Calif., 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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The role of surface oxides on hydrogen sorption kinetics in titanium thin films

Hadjixenophontos, E., Michalek, L., Roussel, M., Hirscher, M., Schmitz, G.

{Applied Surface Science}, 441, pages: 324-330, Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Hadjixenophontos, E., Michalek, L., Roussel, M., Hirscher, M., Schmitz, G. The role of surface oxides on hydrogen sorption kinetics in titanium thin films {Applied Surface Science}, 441, pages: 324-330, Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Ferromagnetism in nitrogen and fluorine substituted BaTiO3

Yoon, S., Son, K., Ebbinghaus, S. G., Widenmeyer, M., Weidenkaff, A.

{Journal of Alloys and Compounds}, 749, pages: 628-633, Elsevier B.V., Lausanne, Switzerland, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Yoon, S., Son, K., Ebbinghaus, S. G., Widenmeyer, M., Weidenkaff, A. Ferromagnetism in nitrogen and fluorine substituted BaTiO3 {Journal of Alloys and Compounds}, 749, pages: 628-633, Elsevier B.V., Lausanne, Switzerland, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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New concepts for 3d optics in x-ray microscopy

Sanli, U., Ceylan, H., Jiao, C., Baluktsian, M., Grevent, C., Hahn, K., Wang, Y., Srot, V., Richter, G., Bykova, I., Weigand, M., Sitti, M., Schütz, G., Keskinbora, K.

{Microscopy and Microanalysis}, 24(Suppl 2):288-289, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Sanli, U., Ceylan, H., Jiao, C., Baluktsian, M., Grevent, C., Hahn, K., Wang, Y., Srot, V., Richter, G., Bykova, I., Weigand, M., Sitti, M., Schütz, G., Keskinbora, K. New concepts for 3d optics in x-ray microscopy {Microscopy and Microanalysis}, 24(Suppl 2):288-289, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Spin-wave interference in magnetic vortex stacks

Behncke, C., Adolff, C. F., Lenzing, N., Hänze, M., Schulte, B., Weigand, M., Schütz, G., Meier, G.

{Communications Physics}, 1, Nature Publishing Group, London, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Behncke, C., Adolff, C. F., Lenzing, N., Hänze, M., Schulte, B., Weigand, M., Schütz, G., Meier, G. Spin-wave interference in magnetic vortex stacks {Communications Physics}, 1, Nature Publishing Group, London, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

no image
High-throughput synthesis of modified Fresnel zone plate arrays via ion beam lithography

Keskinbora, K., Sanli, U. T., Baluktsian, M., Grévent, C., Weigand, M., Schütz, G.

{Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology}, 9, pages: 2049-2056, Beilstein-Institut, Frankfurt am Main, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Keskinbora, K., Sanli, U. T., Baluktsian, M., Grévent, C., Weigand, M., Schütz, G. High-throughput synthesis of modified Fresnel zone plate arrays via ion beam lithography {Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology}, 9, pages: 2049-2056, Beilstein-Institut, Frankfurt am Main, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Deterministic creation and deletion of a single magnetic skyrmion observed by direct time-resolved X-ray microscopy

Woo, S., Song, K. M., Zhang, X., Ezawa, M., Zhou, Y., Liu, X., Weigand, M., Finizio, S., Raabe, J., Park, M.-C., Lee, K.-Y., Choi, J. W., Min, B.-C., Koo, H. C., Chang, J.

{Nature Electronics}, 1(5):288-296, Springer Nature, London, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Woo, S., Song, K. M., Zhang, X., Ezawa, M., Zhou, Y., Liu, X., Weigand, M., Finizio, S., Raabe, J., Park, M.-C., Lee, K.-Y., Choi, J. W., Min, B.-C., Koo, H. C., Chang, J. Deterministic creation and deletion of a single magnetic skyrmion observed by direct time-resolved X-ray microscopy {Nature Electronics}, 1(5):288-296, Springer Nature, London, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Magnetic skyrmion as a nonlinear resistive element: A potential building block for reservoir computing

Prychynenko, D., Sitte, M., Litzius, K., Krüger, B., Bourianoff, G., Kläui, M., Sinova, J., Everschor-Sitte, K.

{Physical Review Applied}, 9(1), American Physical Society, College Park, Md. [u.a.], 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Prychynenko, D., Sitte, M., Litzius, K., Krüger, B., Bourianoff, G., Kläui, M., Sinova, J., Everschor-Sitte, K. Magnetic skyrmion as a nonlinear resistive element: A potential building block for reservoir computing {Physical Review Applied}, 9(1), American Physical Society, College Park, Md. [u.a.], 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Tunable geometrical frustration in magnoic vortex crystals

Behncke, C., Adolff, C. F., Wintz, S., Hänze, M., Schulte, B., Weigand, M., Finizio, S., Raabe, J., Meier, G.

{Scientific Reports}, 8, Nature Publishing Group, London, UK, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Behncke, C., Adolff, C. F., Wintz, S., Hänze, M., Schulte, B., Weigand, M., Finizio, S., Raabe, J., Meier, G. Tunable geometrical frustration in magnoic vortex crystals {Scientific Reports}, 8, Nature Publishing Group, London, UK, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

2007

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Learning static Gestalt laws through dynamic experience

Ostrovsky, Y., Wulff, J., Sinha, P.

Journal of Vision, 7(9):315-315, ARVO, June 2007 (article)

Abstract
The Gestalt laws (Wertheimer 1923) are widely regarded as the rules that help us parse the world into objects. However, it is unclear as to how these laws are acquired by an infant's visual system. Classically, these “laws” have been presumed to be innate (Kellman and Spelke 1983). But, more recent work in infant development, showing the protracted time-course over which these grouping principles emerge (e.g., Johnson and Aslin 1995; Craton 1996), suggests that visual experience might play a role in their genesis. Specifically, our studies of patients with late-onset vision (Project Prakash; VSS 2006) and evidence from infant development both point to an early role of common motion cues for object grouping. Here we explore the possibility that the privileged status of motion in the developmental timeline is not happenstance, but rather serves to bootstrap the learning of static Gestalt cues. Our approach involves computational analyses of real-world motion sequences to investigate whether primitive optic flow information is correlated with static figural cues that could eventually come to serve as proxies for grouping in the form of Gestalt principles. We calculated local optic flow maps and then examined how similarity of motion across image patches co-varied with similarity of certain figural properties in static frames. Results indicate that patches with similar motion are much more likely to have similar luminance, color, and orientation as compared to patches with dissimilar motion vectors. This regularity suggests that, in principle, common motion extracted from dynamic visual experience can provide enough information to bootstrap region grouping based on luminance and color and contour continuation mechanisms in static scenes. These observations, coupled with the cited experimental studies, lend credence to the hypothesis that static Gestalt laws might be learned through a bootstrapping process based on early dynamic experience.

ps

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

2007

ps Ostrovsky, Y., Wulff, J., Sinha, P. Learning static Gestalt laws through dynamic experience Journal of Vision, 7(9):315-315, ARVO, June 2007 (article)

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

Thumb xl pedestal
Neuromotor prosthesis development

Donoghue, J., Hochberg, L., Nurmikko, A., Black, M., Simeral, J., Friehs, G.

Medicine & Health Rhode Island, 90(1):12-15, January 2007 (article)

Abstract
Article describes a neuromotor prosthesis (NMP), in development at Brown University, that records human brain signals, decodes them, and transforms them into movement commands. An NMP is described as a system consisting of a neural interface, a decoding system, and a user interface, also called an effector; a closed-loop system would be completed by a feedback signal from the effector to the brain. The interface is based on neural spiking, a source of information-rich, rapid, complex control signals from the nervous system. The NMP described, named BrainGate, consists of a match-head sized platform with 100 thread-thin electrodes implanted just into the surface of the motor cortex where commands to move the hand emanate. Neural signals are decoded by a rack of computers that displays the resultant output as the motion of a cursor on a computer monitor. While computer cursor motion represents a form of virtual device control, this same command signal could be routed to a device to command motion of paralyzed muscles or the actions of prosthetic limbs. The researchers’ overall goal is the development of a fully implantable, wireless multi-neuron sensor for broad research, neural prosthetic, and human neurodiagnostic applications.

ps

pdf [BibTex]

ps Donoghue, J., Hochberg, L., Nurmikko, A., Black, M., Simeral, J., Friehs, G. Neuromotor prosthesis development Medicine & Health Rhode Island, 90(1):12-15, January 2007 (article)

pdf [BibTex]

Thumb xl ijcvflow2
On the spatial statistics of optical flow

Roth, S., Black, M. J.

International Journal of Computer Vision, 74(1):33-50, 2007 (article)

Abstract
We present an analysis of the spatial and temporal statistics of "natural" optical flow fields and a novel flow algorithm that exploits their spatial statistics. Training flow fields are constructed using range images of natural scenes and 3D camera motions recovered from hand-held and car-mounted video sequences. A detailed analysis of optical flow statistics in natural scenes is presented and machine learning methods are developed to learn a Markov random field model of optical flow. The prior probability of a flow field is formulated as a Field-of-Experts model that captures the spatial statistics in overlapping patches and is trained using contrastive divergence. This new optical flow prior is compared with previous robust priors and is incorporated into a recent, accurate algorithm for dense optical flow computation. Experiments with natural and synthetic sequences illustrate how the learned optical flow prior quantitatively improves flow accuracy and how it captures the rich spatial structure found in natural scene motion.

ps

pdf preprint pdf from publisher [BibTex]

ps Roth, S., Black, M. J. On the spatial statistics of optical flow International Journal of Computer Vision, 74(1):33-50, 2007 (article)

pdf preprint pdf from publisher [BibTex]

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Hydrogen storage in metal-organic frameworks

Hirscher, M., Panella, B.

{Scripta Materialia}, 56, pages: 809-812, 2007 (article)

mms

[BibTex]

mms Hirscher, M., Panella, B. Hydrogen storage in metal-organic frameworks {Scripta Materialia}, 56, pages: 809-812, 2007 (article)

[BibTex]

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Substrate-induced current anisotropy in YBa2Cu3O7-δthin films

Djupmyr, M., Albrecht, J.

{Physica C}, 460-462, pages: 1190-1191, 2007 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Djupmyr, M., Albrecht, J. Substrate-induced current anisotropy in YBa2Cu3O7-δthin films {Physica C}, 460-462, pages: 1190-1191, 2007 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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A micellar approach to magnetic ultrahigh-density data-storage media: extending the limits of current colloidal methods

Ethirajan, A., Wiedwald, U., Boyen, H.-G., Kern, B., Han, L., Klimmer, A., Weigl, F., Kästle, G., Ziemann, P., Fauth, K., Cai, J., Behm, J., Romanyuk, A., Oelhafen, P., Walther, P., Biskupek, J., Kaiser, U.

{Advanced Materials}, 19, pages: 406-410, 2007 (article)

mms

[BibTex]

mms Ethirajan, A., Wiedwald, U., Boyen, H.-G., Kern, B., Han, L., Klimmer, A., Weigl, F., Kästle, G., Ziemann, P., Fauth, K., Cai, J., Behm, J., Romanyuk, A., Oelhafen, P., Walther, P., Biskupek, J., Kaiser, U. A micellar approach to magnetic ultrahigh-density data-storage media: extending the limits of current colloidal methods {Advanced Materials}, 19, pages: 406-410, 2007 (article)

[BibTex]