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111 results (View BibTeX file of all listed publications)

2006

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Chiral molecules split light: Reflection and refraction in a chiral liquid

Ghosh, A., Fischer, P.

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 97(17), 2006, Featured highlight ‘Fundamental optical physics: Refraction’ Nature Photonics, Nov. 2006. (article)

Abstract
A light beam changes direction as it enters a liquid at an angle from another medium, such as air. Should the liquid contain molecules that lack mirror symmetry, then it has been predicted by Fresnel that the light beam will not only change direction, but will actually split into two separate beams with a small difference in the respective angles of refraction. Here we report the observation of this phenomenon. We also demonstrate that the angle of reflection does not equal the angle of incidence in a chiral medium. Unlike conventional optical rotation, which depends on the path-length through the sample, the reported reflection and refraction phenomena arise within a few wavelengths at the interface and thereby suggest a new approach to polarimetry that can be used in microfluidic volumes.

Featured highlight ‘Fundamental optical physics: Refraction’ Nature Photonics, Nov. 2006.

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DOI [BibTex]

2006

pf Ghosh, A., Fischer, P. Chiral molecules split light: Reflection and refraction in a chiral liquid PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 97(17), 2006, Featured highlight ‘Fundamental optical physics: Refraction’ Nature Photonics, Nov. 2006. (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Direct chiral discrimination in NMR spectroscopy

Buckingham, A., Fischer, P.

CHEMICAL PHYSICS, 324(1):111-116, 2006 (article)

Abstract
Conventional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is unable to distinguish between the two mirror-image forms (enantiomers) of a chiral molecule. This is because the NMR spectrum is determined by the chemical shifts and spin-spin coupling constants which - in the absence of a chiral solvent - are identical for the two enantiomers. We discuss how chirality may nevertheless be directly detected in liquid-state NMR spectroscopy: In a chiral molecule, the rotating nuclear magnetic moment induces an electric dipole moment in the direction perpendicular to itself and to the permanent magnetic field of the spectrometer. We present computations of the precessing electric polarization following a pi/2 pulse. Our estimates indicate that the electric polarization should be detectable in favourable cases. We also predict that application of an electrostatic field induces a chirally sensitive magnetization oscillating in the direction of the permanent magnetic field. We show that the electric-field-perturbed chemical shift tensor, the nuclear magnetic shielding polarizability, underlies these chiral NMR effects. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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DOI [BibTex]

pf Buckingham, A., Fischer, P. Direct chiral discrimination in NMR spectroscopy CHEMICAL PHYSICS, 324(1):111-116, 2006 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Ring-resonator-based frequency-domain optical activity measurements of a chiral liquid

Vollmer, F., Fischer, P.

OPTICS LETTERS, 31(4):453-455, 2006 (article)

Abstract
Chiral liquids rotate the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light and are therefore optically active. Here we show that optical rotation can be observed in the frequency domain. A chiral liquid introduced in a fiber-loop ring resonator that supports left and right circularly polarized modes gives rise to relative frequency shifts that are a direct measure of the liquid's circular birefringence and hence of its optical activity. The effect is in principle not diminished if the circumference of the ring is reduced. The technique is similarly applicable to refractive index and linear birefringence measurements. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America.

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DOI [BibTex]

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Sign of the refractive index in a gain medium with negative permittivity and permeability

Chen, Y., Fischer, P., Wise, F.

JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS, 23(1):45-50, 2006 (article)

Abstract
We show how the sign of the refractive index in any medium may be derived using a rigorous analysis based on Einstein causality. In particular, we consider left-handed materials, i.e., media that have negative permittivities and permeabilities at the frequency of interest. We find that the consideration of gain in such media can give rise to a positive refractive index. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America.

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DOI [BibTex]

pf Chen, Y., Fischer, P., Wise, F. Sign of the refractive index in a gain medium with negative permittivity and permeability JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS, 23(1):45-50, 2006 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Influence of the substrate on the magnetic anisotropy of monatomic wires

Komelj, M., Steiauf, D., Fähnle, M.

{Physical Review B}, 73, 2006 (article)

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mms Komelj, M., Steiauf, D., Fähnle, M. Influence of the substrate on the magnetic anisotropy of monatomic wires {Physical Review B}, 73, 2006 (article)

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Mechanical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes based on higher order Cauchy-Born rule

Guo, X., Wang, J. B., Zhang, H. W.

{International Journal of Solids and Structures}, 43, pages: 1276-1290, 2006 (article)

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[BibTex]

mms Guo, X., Wang, J. B., Zhang, H. W. Mechanical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes based on higher order Cauchy-Born rule {International Journal of Solids and Structures}, 43, pages: 1276-1290, 2006 (article)

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Vanishing Fe 3d orbital moments in single-crystalline magnetite

Goering, E., Gold, S., Lafkioti, M., Schütz, G.

{Europhysics Letters}, 73(1):97-103, 2006 (article)

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[BibTex]

mms Goering, E., Gold, S., Lafkioti, M., Schütz, G. Vanishing Fe 3d orbital moments in single-crystalline magnetite {Europhysics Letters}, 73(1):97-103, 2006 (article)

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Enhancement of L10 phase formation in FePt nanoparticles by nitrogenization

Dmitrieva, O., Acet, M., Dumpich, G., Kästner, J., Antoniak, C., Farle, M., Fauth, K.

{Journal of Physics D}, 39, pages: 4741-4745, 2006 (article)

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mms Dmitrieva, O., Acet, M., Dumpich, G., Kästner, J., Antoniak, C., Farle, M., Fauth, K. Enhancement of L10 phase formation in FePt nanoparticles by nitrogenization {Journal of Physics D}, 39, pages: 4741-4745, 2006 (article)

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Structure of historical brass tonques and shallots from baroque organs

Baretzky, B., Friesel, M., Petelin, A., Mazilkin, A., Straumal, B.

{Defect and Diffusion Forum}, 249, pages: 275-280, 2006 (article)

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[BibTex]

mms Baretzky, B., Friesel, M., Petelin, A., Mazilkin, A., Straumal, B. Structure of historical brass tonques and shallots from baroque organs {Defect and Diffusion Forum}, 249, pages: 275-280, 2006 (article)

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Three-dimensional modeling of mechanical forces in the extra-cellular matrix during epithelial lumen formation

Zeng, D., Ferrari, A., Ulmer, J., Veligodskiy, A., Fischer, P., Spatz, J. P., Ventikos, Y., Poulikakos, D., Kroschewski, R.

{Biophysical Journal}, 90(12):4380-4391, 2006 (article)

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mms Zeng, D., Ferrari, A., Ulmer, J., Veligodskiy, A., Fischer, P., Spatz, J. P., Ventikos, Y., Poulikakos, D., Kroschewski, R. Three-dimensional modeling of mechanical forces in the extra-cellular matrix during epithelial lumen formation {Biophysical Journal}, 90(12):4380-4391, 2006 (article)

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Bayesian population decoding of motor cortical activity using a Kalman filter

Wu, W., Gao, Y., Bienenstock, E., Donoghue, J. P., Black, M. J.

Neural Computation, 18(1):80-118, 2006 (article)

Abstract
Effective neural motor prostheses require a method for decoding neural activity representing desired movement. In particular, the accurate reconstruction of a continuous motion signal is necessary for the control of devices such as computer cursors, robots, or a patient's own paralyzed limbs. For such applications, we developed a real-time system that uses Bayesian inference techniques to estimate hand motion from the firing rates of multiple neurons. In this study, we used recordings that were previously made in the arm area of primary motor cortex in awake behaving monkeys using a chronically implanted multielectrode microarray. Bayesian inference involves computing the posterior probability of the hand motion conditioned on a sequence of observed firing rates; this is formulated in terms of the product of a likelihood and a prior. The likelihood term models the probability of firing rates given a particular hand motion. We found that a linear gaussian model could be used to approximate this likelihood and could be readily learned from a small amount of training data. The prior term defines a probabilistic model of hand kinematics and was also taken to be a linear gaussian model. Decoding was performed using a Kalman filter, which gives an efficient recursive method for Bayesian inference when the likelihood and prior are linear and gaussian. In off-line experiments, the Kalman filter reconstructions of hand trajectory were more accurate than previously reported results. The resulting decoding algorithm provides a principled probabilistic model of motor-cortical coding, decodes hand motion in real time, provides an estimate of uncertainty, and is straightforward to implement. Additionally the formulation unifies and extends previous models of neural coding while providing insights into the motor-cortical code.

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pdf preprint pdf from publisher abstract [BibTex]

ps Wu, W., Gao, Y., Bienenstock, E., Donoghue, J. P., Black, M. J. Bayesian population decoding of motor cortical activity using a Kalman filter Neural Computation, 18(1):80-118, 2006 (article)

pdf preprint pdf from publisher abstract [BibTex]

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Theoretical justification of ground-state moment analysis of magnetic dichroic x-ray absorption spectra for 3d transition metals

Dörfler, F., Fähnle, M.

{Physical Review B}, 74, 2006 (article)

Abstract
{(6 pages)}

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Vortex dynamics in coupled ferromagnetic multilayer structures

Chou, K., Puzic, A., Stoll, H., Schütz, G., Van Waeyenberge, B., Tyliszczak, T., Rott, K., Reiss, G., Brückl, H., Neudecker, I., Weiss, D., Back, C. H.

{Journal of Applied Physics}, 99, 2006 (article)

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mms Chou, K., Puzic, A., Stoll, H., Schütz, G., Van Waeyenberge, B., Tyliszczak, T., Rott, K., Reiss, G., Brückl, H., Neudecker, I., Weiss, D., Back, C. H. Vortex dynamics in coupled ferromagnetic multilayer structures {Journal of Applied Physics}, 99, 2006 (article)

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Electrical transport, magnetic and thermal properties of icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystals

Poddar, A., Das, S., Plachke, D., Carstanjen, H.D.

{Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials}, 300(2):263-272, 2006 (article)

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[BibTex]

mms Poddar, A., Das, S., Plachke, D., Carstanjen, H.D. Electrical transport, magnetic and thermal properties of icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystals {Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials}, 300(2):263-272, 2006 (article)

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Elektronentheorie der magnetischen EXAFS

Gü\ssmann, M.

Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2006 (mastersthesis)

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[BibTex]

mms Gü\ssmann, M. Elektronentheorie der magnetischen EXAFS Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2006 (mastersthesis)

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Aqueous solution deposition of indium hydroxide and indium oxide columnar type thin films

Qiu, Y., Gerstel, P., Jiang, L., Lipowsky, P., Pitta Bauermann, L., Bill, J.

{International Journal of Materials Research}, 97(6):808-811, 2006 (article)

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[BibTex]

mms Qiu, Y., Gerstel, P., Jiang, L., Lipowsky, P., Pitta Bauermann, L., Bill, J. Aqueous solution deposition of indium hydroxide and indium oxide columnar type thin films {International Journal of Materials Research}, 97(6):808-811, 2006 (article)

[BibTex]

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Enhanced orbital magnetism in Fe50Pt50 nanoparticles

Antoniak, C., Lindner, J., Spasova, M., Sudfeld, D., Acet, M., Farle, M., Fauth, K., Wiedwald, U., Boyen, H.-G., Ziemann, P., Wilhelm, F., Rogalev, A., Sun, S.

{Physical Review Letters}, 97, 2006 (article)

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[BibTex]

mms Antoniak, C., Lindner, J., Spasova, M., Sudfeld, D., Acet, M., Farle, M., Fauth, K., Wiedwald, U., Boyen, H.-G., Ziemann, P., Wilhelm, F., Rogalev, A., Sun, S. Enhanced orbital magnetism in Fe50Pt50 nanoparticles {Physical Review Letters}, 97, 2006 (article)

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Converting polycrystals into single crystals - Selective grain growth by high-energy ion bombardment

Olliges, S., Gruber, P., Bardill, A., Ehrler, D., Carstanjen, H. D., Spolenak, R.

{Acta Materialia}, 54(20):5393-5399, 2006 (article)

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mms Olliges, S., Gruber, P., Bardill, A., Ehrler, D., Carstanjen, H. D., Spolenak, R. Converting polycrystals into single crystals - Selective grain growth by high-energy ion bombardment {Acta Materialia}, 54(20):5393-5399, 2006 (article)

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Topological k-space refinement of the configurational energy of alloys

Shchyglo, O., Bugaev, V.N., Drautz, R., Udyanskyy, A., Reichert, H., Dosch, H.

{Physical Review B}, 72, 2006 (article)

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[BibTex]

mms Shchyglo, O., Bugaev, V.N., Drautz, R., Udyanskyy, A., Reichert, H., Dosch, H. Topological k-space refinement of the configurational energy of alloys {Physical Review B}, 72, 2006 (article)

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Elektronenspektroskopie an Übergangsmetallclustern

He\ssler, M.

Bayerische Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, 2006 (phdthesis)

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[BibTex]

mms He\ssler, M. Elektronenspektroskopie an Übergangsmetallclustern Bayerische Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, 2006 (phdthesis)

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Synthesis of MgB2 films in Mg vapour flow and their characterization

Matveev, A. T., Albrecht, J., Konuma, M., Christiani, G., Krockenberger, Y., Starke, U., Schütz, G., Habermeier, H.

{Superconductor Science and Technology}, 19, pages: 299-305, 2006 (article)

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mms Matveev, A. T., Albrecht, J., Konuma, M., Christiani, G., Krockenberger, Y., Starke, U., Schütz, G., Habermeier, H. Synthesis of MgB2 films in Mg vapour flow and their characterization {Superconductor Science and Technology}, 19, pages: 299-305, 2006 (article)

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Analysis of switching times of inhomogeneous magnetization processes in thin platelets

Goll, D., Schütz, G., Kronmüller, H.

{Physica B: Condensed Matter}, 372(1-2):273-276, 2006 (article)

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mms Goll, D., Schütz, G., Kronmüller, H. Analysis of switching times of inhomogeneous magnetization processes in thin platelets {Physica B: Condensed Matter}, 372(1-2):273-276, 2006 (article)

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The initial oxidation of magnesium: an in situ study with XPS, HERDA and ellipsometry.

Kurth, M., Graat, P. C. J., Carstanjen, H. D., Mittemeijer, E. J.

{Surface and Interface Analysis}, 38, pages: 931-940, 2006 (article)

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[BibTex]

mms Kurth, M., Graat, P. C. J., Carstanjen, H. D., Mittemeijer, E. J. The initial oxidation of magnesium: an in situ study with XPS, HERDA and ellipsometry. {Surface and Interface Analysis}, 38, pages: 931-940, 2006 (article)

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Temperature influence of the faceting of \sum3 and \sum9 grain boundaries in Cu

Straumal, B. B., Polyakov, S. A., Mittemeijer, E. J.

{Acta Materialia}, 54, pages: 167-172, 2006 (article)

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[BibTex]

mms Straumal, B. B., Polyakov, S. A., Mittemeijer, E. J. Temperature influence of the faceting of \sum3 and \sum9 grain boundaries in Cu {Acta Materialia}, 54, pages: 167-172, 2006 (article)

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Coercivity of 2 : 17 based permanent magnets

Kronmüller, H., Goll, D.

{Journal of the Iron and Steel Research International}, 13(Suppl. 1):39-47, 2006 (article)

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[BibTex]

mms Kronmüller, H., Goll, D. Coercivity of 2 : 17 based permanent magnets {Journal of the Iron and Steel Research International}, 13(Suppl. 1):39-47, 2006 (article)

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Hydrogen adsorption in a nickel based coordination polymer with open metal sites in the cylindrical cavities of the desolvated framework

Dietzel, P. D. C., Panella, B., Hirscher, M., Blom, R., Fjellvag, H.

{Chemical Communications}, [2006], pages: 959-961, 2006 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Dietzel, P. D. C., Panella, B., Hirscher, M., Blom, R., Fjellvag, H. Hydrogen adsorption in a nickel based coordination polymer with open metal sites in the cylindrical cavities of the desolvated framework {Chemical Communications}, [2006], pages: 959-961, 2006 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Magnetic ground states and the role of vortices in ferromagnetic hollow nanospheres

Goll, D., Macke, S., Berkowitz, A., Bertram, H. N.

{Physica B: Condensed Matter}, 372(1-2):282-285, 2006 (article)

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mms Goll, D., Macke, S., Berkowitz, A., Bertram, H. N. Magnetic ground states and the role of vortices in ferromagnetic hollow nanospheres {Physica B: Condensed Matter}, 372(1-2):282-285, 2006 (article)

[BibTex]

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Pulsed-field-gradient NMR study of hydrogen diffusivity in random b.c.c. alloys VyTa1-y

Grinberg, F., Majer, G., Skripov, A. N.

{Journal of Alloys and Compounds}, 425(1-2):24-27, 2006 (article)

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[BibTex]

mms Grinberg, F., Majer, G., Skripov, A. N. Pulsed-field-gradient NMR study of hydrogen diffusivity in random b.c.c. alloys VyTa1-y {Journal of Alloys and Compounds}, 425(1-2):24-27, 2006 (article)

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Hydrogen storage by physisorption on porous materials

Panella, B.

Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2006 (phdthesis)

mms

link (url) [BibTex]

mms Panella, B. Hydrogen storage by physisorption on porous materials Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2006 (phdthesis)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Breathing Fermi surface model for noncollinear magnetization: a generalization of the Gilbert equation

Fähnle, M., Steiauf, D.

{Physical Review B}, 73, 2006 (article)

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[BibTex]

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Reconstruction of brass for tongues and shallots from baroque organs

Baretzky, B., Friesel, M., Petelin, A., Shotanov, A., Straumal, B.

{Defect and Diffusion Forum}, 258-260, pages: 397-402, 2006 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Baretzky, B., Friesel, M., Petelin, A., Shotanov, A., Straumal, B. Reconstruction of brass for tongues and shallots from baroque organs {Defect and Diffusion Forum}, 258-260, pages: 397-402, 2006 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Softening of nanostructured Al-Zn and Al-Mg alloys after severe plastic deformation

Mazilkin, A.A., Straumal, B.B., Rabkin, E., Baretzky, B., Enders, S., Protasova, S.G., Kogtenkova, O.A., Valiev, R.Z.

{Acta Materialia}, 54, pages: 3933-3939, 2006 (article)

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[BibTex]

mms Mazilkin, A.A., Straumal, B.B., Rabkin, E., Baretzky, B., Enders, S., Protasova, S.G., Kogtenkova, O.A., Valiev, R.Z. Softening of nanostructured Al-Zn and Al-Mg alloys after severe plastic deformation {Acta Materialia}, 54, pages: 3933-3939, 2006 (article)

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Theory of magnetic x-ray reflectometry on the Co2Pt7 multilayer system

Martosiswoyo, L.

Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2006 (mastersthesis)

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[BibTex]

mms Martosiswoyo, L. Theory of magnetic x-ray reflectometry on the Co2Pt7 multilayer system Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2006 (mastersthesis)

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Comment on "Spin and orbital magnetic moments of Fe3O4

Goering, E., Lafkioti, M., Gold, S.

{Physical Review Letters}, 96(3), 2006 (article)

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[BibTex]

mms Goering, E., Lafkioti, M., Gold, S. Comment on "Spin and orbital magnetic moments of Fe3O4 {Physical Review Letters}, 96(3), 2006 (article)

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Effect of magnetic interaction on thermally activated reversal in a magnet with a distribution of energy barriers

Zhang, H. W., Zhang, S., Sun, J. R., Shen, B. G., Goll, D., Kronmüller, H.

{Journal of the Iron and Steel Research International}, 13(Suppl. 1):60-66, 2006 (article)

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[BibTex]

mms Zhang, H. W., Zhang, S., Sun, J. R., Shen, B. G., Goll, D., Kronmüller, H. Effect of magnetic interaction on thermally activated reversal in a magnet with a distribution of energy barriers {Journal of the Iron and Steel Research International}, 13(Suppl. 1):60-66, 2006 (article)

[BibTex]

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Magnetic vortex core reversal by excitation with short bursts of an alternating field

Van Waeyenberge, B., Puzic, A., Stoll, H., Chou, K. W., Tyliszczak, T., Hertel, R., Fähnle, M., Bruckl, H., Rott, K., Reiss, G., Neudecker, I., Weiss, D., Back, C. H., Schütz, G.

{Nature}, 444(7118):461-464, 2006 (article)

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[BibTex]

mms Van Waeyenberge, B., Puzic, A., Stoll, H., Chou, K. W., Tyliszczak, T., Hertel, R., Fähnle, M., Bruckl, H., Rott, K., Reiss, G., Neudecker, I., Weiss, D., Back, C. H., Schütz, G. Magnetic vortex core reversal by excitation with short bursts of an alternating field {Nature}, 444(7118):461-464, 2006 (article)

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Structure and magnetism in bcc-based iron-cobalt alloys

Diaz-Ortiz, A., Drautz, R., Fähnle, M., Dosch, H., Sanchez, J. M.

{Physical Review B}, 73, 2006 (article)

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[BibTex]

mms Diaz-Ortiz, A., Drautz, R., Fähnle, M., Dosch, H., Sanchez, J. M. Structure and magnetism in bcc-based iron-cobalt alloys {Physical Review B}, 73, 2006 (article)

[BibTex]

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Role of nonequilibrium conduction electrons on the magnetization dynamics of ferromagnets in the s-d model

Fähnle, M., Singer, R., Steiauf, D., Antropov, V. P.

{Physical Review B}, 73, 2006 (article)

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[BibTex]

mms Fähnle, M., Singer, R., Steiauf, D., Antropov, V. P. Role of nonequilibrium conduction electrons on the magnetization dynamics of ferromagnets in the s-d model {Physical Review B}, 73, 2006 (article)

[BibTex]

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Hydrogen adsorption in metal-organic frameworks: Cu-MOFs and Zn-MOFs compared

Panella, B., Hirscher, M., Pütter, H., Müller, U.

{Advanced Functional Materials}, 16, pages: 520-524, 2006 (article)

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[BibTex]

mms Panella, B., Hirscher, M., Pütter, H., Müller, U. Hydrogen adsorption in metal-organic frameworks: Cu-MOFs and Zn-MOFs compared {Advanced Functional Materials}, 16, pages: 520-524, 2006 (article)

[BibTex]

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Hardness of nanostructured Al-Zn, Al-Mg and Al-Zn-Mg alloys obtained by high-pressure torsion

Mazilkin, A.A., Baretzky, B., Enders, S., Kogtenkova, O.A., Straumal, B.B., Rabkin, E., Valiev, R.Z.

{Defect and Diffusion Forum}, 249, pages: 155-160, 2006 (article)

mms

[BibTex]

mms Mazilkin, A.A., Baretzky, B., Enders, S., Kogtenkova, O.A., Straumal, B.B., Rabkin, E., Valiev, R.Z. Hardness of nanostructured Al-Zn, Al-Mg and Al-Zn-Mg alloys obtained by high-pressure torsion {Defect and Diffusion Forum}, 249, pages: 155-160, 2006 (article)

[BibTex]

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Magnetischer zirkularer Röntgendichroismus an Übergangsmetalloxiden

Lafkioti, M.

Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2006 (mastersthesis)

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[BibTex]

mms Lafkioti, M. Magnetischer zirkularer Röntgendichroismus an Übergangsmetalloxiden Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2006 (mastersthesis)

[BibTex]

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Contributions to the theory of x-ray magnetic dichroism

Dörfler, F.

Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2006 (mastersthesis)

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[BibTex]

mms Dörfler, F. Contributions to the theory of x-ray magnetic dichroism Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2006 (mastersthesis)

[BibTex]

2003

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Learning the statistics of people in images and video

Sidenbladh, H., Black, M. J.

International Journal of Computer Vision, 54(1-3):183-209, August 2003 (article)

Abstract
This paper address the problems of modeling the appearance of humans and distinguishing human appearance from the appearance of general scenes. We seek a model of appearance and motion that is generic in that it accounts for the ways in which people's appearance varies and, at the same time, is specific enough to be useful for tracking people in natural scenes. Given a 3D model of the person projected into an image we model the likelihood of observing various image cues conditioned on the predicted locations and orientations of the limbs. These cues are taken to be steered filter responses corresponding to edges, ridges, and motion-compensated temporal differences. Motivated by work on the statistics of natural scenes, the statistics of these filter responses for human limbs are learned from training images containing hand-labeled limb regions. Similarly, the statistics of the filter responses in general scenes are learned to define a “background” distribution. The likelihood of observing a scene given a predicted pose of a person is computed, for each limb, using the likelihood ratio between the learned foreground (person) and background distributions. Adopting a Bayesian formulation allows cues to be combined in a principled way. Furthermore, the use of learned distributions obviates the need for hand-tuned image noise models and thresholds. The paper provides a detailed analysis of the statistics of how people appear in scenes and provides a connection between work on natural image statistics and the Bayesian tracking of people.

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pdf pdf from publisher code DOI [BibTex]

2003

ps Sidenbladh, H., Black, M. J. Learning the statistics of people in images and video International Journal of Computer Vision, 54(1-3):183-209, August 2003 (article)

pdf pdf from publisher code DOI [BibTex]

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A framework for robust subspace learning

De la Torre, F., Black, M. J.

International Journal of Computer Vision, 54(1-3):117-142, August 2003 (article)

Abstract
Many computer vision, signal processing and statistical problems can be posed as problems of learning low dimensional linear or multi-linear models. These models have been widely used for the representation of shape, appearance, motion, etc., in computer vision applications. Methods for learning linear models can be seen as a special case of subspace fitting. One draw-back of previous learning methods is that they are based on least squares estimation techniques and hence fail to account for “outliers” which are common in realistic training sets. We review previous approaches for making linear learning methods robust to outliers and present a new method that uses an intra-sample outlier process to account for pixel outliers. We develop the theory of Robust Subspace Learning (RSL) for linear models within a continuous optimization framework based on robust M-estimation. The framework applies to a variety of linear learning problems in computer vision including eigen-analysis and structure from motion. Several synthetic and natural examples are used to develop and illustrate the theory and applications of robust subspace learning in computer vision.

ps

pdf code pdf from publisher Project Page [BibTex]

ps De la Torre, F., Black, M. J. A framework for robust subspace learning International Journal of Computer Vision, 54(1-3):117-142, August 2003 (article)

pdf code pdf from publisher Project Page [BibTex]

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Guest editorial: Computational vision at Brown

Black, M. J., Kimia, B.

International Journal of Computer Vision, 54(1-3):5-11, August 2003 (article)

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pdf pdf from publisher [BibTex]

ps Black, M. J., Kimia, B. Guest editorial: Computational vision at Brown International Journal of Computer Vision, 54(1-3):5-11, August 2003 (article)

pdf pdf from publisher [BibTex]